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AWS Services Flashcards

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1
Q

Amazon Athena

works with what service?
use case?

A

Serverless Query service for S3 using SQL

Point it at your S3 buckets, define a schema, and search using SQL
Pay per query.
Don’t need to ETL.
Used for analytics. Cannot write.

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2
Q

Amazon Cloudsearch

A

Search Solution for Websites and Apps
Think adding a search bar to your website so users can search whatever you have there.

Features: 
Free text, Boolean, and Faceted search
Autocomplete suggestions
Customizable relevance ranking and query-time rank expressions
Field weighting
Geospatial search
Highlighting
Support for 34 languages
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3
Q

Amazon Elastic Search

A

Deploy and run ElasticSearch as a fully managed service, rather than buying all the infrastructure and licensing yourself.

Includes storing data, running searches, and hosting dashboards.

Does allow multi AZ configs

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4
Q

Amazon EMR

A

EMR= Elastic MapReduce.
Big Data Platform and Analysis.
Basically, this is managed Hadoop.
Good for unstructured data!

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5
Q

Amazon Kinesis

Shard, Sequence Number, Partition Key, Firehose

A

Real time streaming data capture and analysis
Mnemonic: Kinesis = movement, like a stream: streaming data

Has Shards, Has Firehose. Cannot EBS as it does not use EC2 instances.

There is a stream (say, a stream from a physical security system). That stream will use partition keys as a way to index records (for example, a partition key for heat sensor, and for camera). Those partition keys are used to separate those records into Shards. Each record, has a sequence number created that is unique per shard (i.e. each shard as Sequence Number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc).
Firehose sends streaming data to AWS storage services.

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6
Q

Amazon Redshift

use case?
How to query?

A 
Used for analytics, not transactions.
Managed EC2 Data Warehouse Service. 
Uses SQL for queries
Good for structured data
AQUA = ADVANCED Query accelerator
Spectrum = run huge queries quickly
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7
Q

Amazon QuickSight

A

Serverless ML BI Dashboards

Is fully managed, serverless, and flexible.
Offers a pay-per-use model
Can ask BI questions in natural language.
Redshift caches repeat queries

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8
Q

Amazon Data Exchange

A 
Subscribe to 3rd Party Data Sets like:
Square (the company) location of transaction data
Weather data 
Stock data
COVID data
IMDB movie data
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9
Q

Amazon Data Pipeline

A

Transfer data on the AWS cloud by defining, scheduling, and automating each of the tasks.

Is a managed ETL (Extract-Transform-Load) service

Is NOT serverless; it manages the creation of EC2 and EMR instances to do work, and you pay for those.

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10
Q

Amazon Glue

A

Data discovery, enrichment and transfer
Is an ETL (Extract-transform-load) tool like Data Pipeline.
Is Serverless
Supports S3, RDS, Redshift, SQL, and DynamoDB

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11
Q

AWS Lake Formation

A

Set up Data Lakes quickly
Organizes data in S3, and sizes chunks for efficiency
Does some deduplication and normalization automatically

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12
Q

AWS Step Functions

A

Serverless Function Orchestration

Low-Code, visual workflow service for orchestrating AWS services

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13
Q

Amazon AppFlow

A

Integrate 3rd party app data
fully managed integration service to securely transfer data between Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) applications like Salesforce, Zendesk, Slack, and ServiceNow, and AWS services like Amazon S3 and Amazon Redshift,

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14
Q

Amazon EventBridge

A

Serverless Event Bus

Takes in events from 3rd party sources, and sends them to AWS services like Lambda

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15
Q

Amazon MQ

Diff from SQS?

A

Message Broker Service for Apache/Rabbit MQ

Should be used for legacy MQ apps migrating to AWS. All new apps should use SQS.

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16
Q

Amazon SNS

Push or Pull-based?

A

Simple Notification Messaging System

Push-based: it pushes out messages. this means it can do stuff like invoke a Lambda function.

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17
Q

Amazon SQS

Is it pull-based or push-based.
max retention?

A

Simple Queue Service Inter Component Messaging
Enables Loose coupling of applications (fewer interdependencies)

It is pull-based. It is purely reactive: things get put into it and get pulled out of it, passively. This means that it can’t do stuff like invoke a Lambda function.

Max retention = 14 days

Max Message Size = 256KB

Has many queue types (e.g. FIFO, delay, dead-letter, temporary)

Can have duplicates unless FIFO

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18
Q

Amazon AppSync

What do?
How managed?

A

GraphQL API Service

GraphQL is an API Query language that lets applications have a single endpoint to serve API requests for lots of kinds of stuff. EX: One API endpoint to get data from your RDS database, Lambda functions, and S3 storage.
https://graphql.org/

Is a fully managed service.

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19
Q

AWS Cost Explorer

A

Visualize and manage AWS costs

Allows costs to be grouped by all kinds of attributes, including custom “tags”

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20
Q

AWS Budgets

A

Service to set and monitor both cost and usage budgets

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21
Q

AWS Cost and Usage Report

A

reporting to analyse AWS usage

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22
Q

Amazon Managed Blockchain

A

Hyperledger & Ethereum Service

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23
Q

Quantum Ledger DB (QLDB)

A

Fully managed financial ledger db

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24
Q

Amazon EC2

Instance types: Spot, Scheduled Reserved instances, Reserved instances, On-Demand Instances

Spread/Partition/Cluster partition groups?

A

Secure, resizable Compute Instances (400+ options)

Spot: Only available when there is extra capacity. User must be flexible when they can be used.
Scheduled Reserved Instances: pick times to have reserved capacity
Reserved Instances: Reserve 24/7
On-Demand Instances: Pay-as-you-go. Flexible.

Partition Groups:
Cluster - as close together as possible in the AZ for performance
Partition - Separate nodes across hardware within the AZ
Spread - Same as partition, but limited to one server per group

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25
EC2 Autoscaling Types? What's a target tracking policy?
Automated compute capacity scaling There is a cool-down timer can be triggerd by lots of stuff types= Simple, Step, Scheduled Target tracking policy autoscales to keep a
26
Amazon LightSail
Easy virtual private server instances
27
Elastic Beanstalk
Deploy & scale web apps (Java/Ruby/etc)
28
AWS Lambda  Max execution time
Serverless Compute Functions max runtime= 900 seconds (15 min) Works well with API Gateway
29
ECR
Elastic Container Registry
30
ECS How do Roles and Definitions work
Elastic Container Service to deploy/manage clusters & tasks A definition definition specifies what docker image to use, and a bunch of other parameters, including Task Role A Task role is an IAM role Can only apply one role per task definition
31
EK
Elastic Kubernetes Service
32
AWS Copilot
CLI to launch and manage containers
33
AWS Fargate
Serverless Compute Engine for ECS/EKS Containers Runs containerized applications for you, without your needing to pay for or plan for infrastructure. Only supports container images from ECR and Docker Hub
34
Amazon Aurora Replication? Multi-region? Fully Managed? Define a size at startup?
MySQL and PostgreSQL compatible database service Replicates up to 5 "Read replicas" in diff regions Replicates up to 15 performance replicas in same region "Cluster" CAN be multi-region, but not multi-master IS fully managed No upfront size configuration Auto-scaling of storage Aurora replicas are by default targets for reads, and standby for the primary.
35
DynamoDB What is Streams? Cost models? DAX?
KeyValue / Document Database / NoSQL Global Tables = enable multi-region, multi-master database without configuring your own replication Streams = list of item level changes. 24hr lifespan. integrates with lambda Supports gateway endpoints but not interface endpoints? Provisioned capacity: specified read/writes On-demand capacity: charged based on how many reads/writes happen Push-button Scaling DAX = fully manged, highly available, in-memory cache
36
Amazon Elasticache redis memcached
Scalable in-memory database in memory caching provides low latency throughput redis is persistent, feature rich, can do replication and high availability memcached is not persistent, simple, not HA.
37
Neptune
Graph database for highly connected data sets
38
Amazon RDS
Relational Database (MySQL/Postgres/Maria etc)
39
Timestream
Serverless time series db for IoT
40
AWS VPC
logically isolated virtual private clouds
41
API Gateway
Create and manage APIs
42
AWS CloudFront What is it? Why use it? Services it integrates with?
Fast content delivery network (CDN) service Brings content closer to users for speed. Can be used with S3, EC2, ELBs
43
Amazon Route53
fast DNS service
44
AWS PrivateLink AKA? first step? types?
Allows other AWS accounts to access your VPC. aka VPC endpoint services First step is to set up an NLB Interface endpoints: simple way to allow traffic into your VPC Gateway Load Balancer endpoint: Allow traffic in AND load balance that traffic Gateway Endpoints: Allow access to S3 and DynamoDB NOT A TRANSIT GATEWAY NOT A INTERNET GATEWAY
45
AWS App Mesh
Service Mesh for inter compute instance comms. You can use App Mesh with AWS Fargate, Amazon EC2, Amazon ECS, Amazon EKS, and Kubernetes running on AWS, to better run your application at scale.
46
AWS CloudMap
Resource discovery for app usage
47
AWS Direct Connect 
Fast connection from your equipment (on-prem) to AWS. Takes a long time to set up.
48
AWS Global Accelerator Compatible targets?
User traffic routing over the AWS network, rather than the internet. uses anycast to enable failover without changing the public IP Address Only works for EC2 and ELBs With Global Accelerator, you are provided two global static public IPs that act as a fixed entry point to your application, improving availability. On the back end, add or remove your AWS application endpoints, such as Application Load Balancers, Network Load Balancers, EC2 Instances, and Elastic IPs without making user-facing changes. Global Accelerator automatically re-routes your traffic to your nearest healthy available endpoint to mitigate endpoint failure.
49
AWS Transit Gateway Diff: Direct Connect Gateway, Transit Gateway Connect, and peered Transit Gateway
Centralized VPC and on prem connectivity ???????wtf
50
Elastic Load Balancing
Service to evenly distribute network traffic. Can only target one "target type", such as IP address, Instance ID, or Lambda. Can work with on-premise using IP Address.
51
Amazon S3 ``` How accessed by other services? Tiers: standard, S3-IT, S3-IA, S3-one zone IA, Glacier, Glacier deep archive, Outposts Minimum data charges? Minimum Storage Durations? Default AZ replication? What is Transfer Acceleration? Static content over HTTPS? ```
Object storage service Enables lifecycle management for data Generally accessed via API Tiers: Standard: relatively high cost and fast. no cost to retrieve. Min 3 AZs in one region. intelligent tiering: moves data to storage classes based on usage patterns Infrequent Access: Begin paying retrieval fees, has minimum data size charge. Fast to access if needed, but cheaper if not accessed. 128kb min charge. 30 days min storage. One-zone Infrequent Access: limited to one AZ. Glacier: Minutes to hours to retrieve. 40 kb min charge. 90 days min storage charge. Glacier deep archive: 12 hours retrieve. Min storage 180 days. Outposts: S3 but on your premises. Use same APIs to access. S3 static content can only be accessed on HTTPS Transfer Acceleration improves UPLOADS to S3 using Cloudfront
52
AWS EBS  Multi-AZ? Region? modes?
Elastic Block Store, Persistent block Is like a disk partition mounted to the OS. PIOPS = higher IOPS Gen Purpose General Purpose SSD (gp2) = up to 16,000 IOPS, 250 MB/s. gp3 has 1000 MB/s throughput. io1/io2 if you need more.
53
AWS EFS ``` Is a version of what general tech? Modes? Scale? Multi-AZ? Region? Supported OSs? ```
Serverless Elastic File System Is a version of an NFS (network file system) EFS allows EC2 or ECS to use standard file system IO like with EBS, but is scalable to peta-bytes Can be attached to several EC2 instances. Allows simultaneous access. Max I/O mode = higher latency, but enables higher throughput. Is opposed to General purpose mode. Supports multi-AZ, but not multi-regions, except by using Datasync Does not support Windows EC2 instances
54
FSx for Lustre
High performance file storage using Lustre | Used for HPC and is highly parallel and distributed.
55
FSx for Windows File System 
AWS Windows file system
56
AWS Backup
Policy driven data protection
57
AWS Snow 
Edge infrastructure for storage and compute
58
AWS Storage Gateway File Gateway
Hybrid on prem AWS storage AWS gives you a storage appliance, basically. Also available as a VM. Store your data on-premise, but managed by AWS Is low-latency, compared to web storage File Gateways can be mounted to instances, but back up to S3
59
CloudEndure
Disaster recovery service
60
AWS DMS (Database Migration Service) What migration targets are supported?
RDS: Aurora, MySQL, PostgreSQL, MariaDB, MS SQL Server, Oracle Also supports non RDS targets: NoSQL Works for on-Premise and Cloud databases, as long as you're ending up on the cloud.
61
AWS Datasync
A tool to simplify moving data. Over the internet. Can move data, or maintain copies in the cloud.
62
AWS Batch
Batch computing service. Dynamically provisions EC2 instances to do the operations.
63
AWS Resource Access Manager
Part of AWS Organizations Enables sharing resources with other AWS accounts or organizations
64
Read Replicas in RDS
Creates read-only replica of a database, often in another region for availability. Read-Replica limits in RDS are: 5 Cannot create an encrypted replica from an unencrypted master. Read replicas in different regions from the master use a different encryption key.
65
Elastic Fabric Adapter
Version of an ENA, but with more support for faster networking. Has OS bypass support for lower latency
66
Elastic Network Adapter
Network adaptor for high-bandwidth applications, when EC2 standard networking is not enough
67
Elastic IP Address
A static public IP Address, with which you can do fancy things
68
AWS CloudFormation
Automated tool to deploy AWS services, including EC2, VPCs, etc etc etc
69
AWS Inspector
An automated security and compliance assessment (audit) tool. Basically an audit tool
70
AWS CloudWatch Agent?
Monitoring and alarm tool "Evaluation period" is the number of data points to look at when deciding alarm state. Monitors by default: CPU, Disk, Network, Status Has an Agent
71
AWS ELB types
Elastic Load Balancers distribute INCOMING traffic across multiple targets. Not outbound. types = ALB, NLB, and GLB Application Load Balancer, Network load Balancer, and Gateway Load Balancer Billed by time.
72
NAT Gateway
Turns IP addresses into other addresses, can be used to multiple servers connect to internet through one IP address. Is used for OUTBOUND internet communication, cannot receive unsolicited requests, only return requests.
73
IAM Access Key
Used for signing programmatic requests make to ASE
74
AWS STS
Security Token Service Enables requesting temporary, limited, privilege credentials for AWSM IAM users
75
AWS Key Management Service
Create and manage cryptographic keys and control their use across a wide range of AWS services FIPS 140-2 validated
76
AWS Certificate Manager
Lets you provision, manage, and deploy SSL/TLS certificates for use with AWS services
77
Signed URLs What do they include?
"People with URL can access", has expiration, can include IP range, technically includes some form of provider's credentials. There are also Signed Cookies.
78
OAI
Origin Access Identity (OAI) Special CloudFront User, can limit S3/CloudFront content distribution to OAI users. Cannot be used to restrict access to a ELB or EC2
79
AWS CloudHub
A way to connect multiple VPNs to your VPC, to connect various distributed networks.
80
Amazon Cognito
Used for adding sign-up, sign-in, and access control for mobile apps Supports SAML and OpenIDConnect
81
CloudTrail Multi-region or nah?
Audit tool for user activity and API usage Set up "trails" to collect certain info Can be multi-region
82
AWS Organizations SCP
Connects accounts to centrally manage them. Can use service control policies to allow/deny access to services or actions.
83
Security Groups
For servers not users.

AWS Certification Journey (2 decks)

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