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Physiotherapy > Axial Anatomy muscles > Flashcards

Axial Anatomy muscles Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

External oblique

A

Outer surface ribs 5-12 and costal cartilages
- linea alba via anterior rectus sheath
Inguinal ligament
Anterior 2/3 iliac crest

Anterior rami t7-12

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2
Q

External oblique actions

A

Bilateral- trunk flexion
Posterior pelvic tilt
Unilaterally- contralateral rotation
Ipsilateral- lateral side flexion

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3
Q

Internal oblique

A 
-Lower border ribs 10-12
Linea alba via ant + post rectus sheath
Pectin pubis 
- Lateral 2/3 inguinal ligament
Anterior 2/3 iliac crest
Thoracolumbar fascia

Anterior rami t7-12

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4
Q

Internal oblique actions

A

Bilaterally- trunk flexion against resistance
Posterior pelvic tilt
Ipsilateral- rotation
Lateral side flexion

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5
Q

Transverse abdominus

A 
- Internal surfaces ribs 7-12 costal cartilages 
Thoracolumbar fascia
Iliac crest
Lateral 1/3 inguinal ligament 
- Linea alba via rectus sheath
Pectin pubis

Anterior rami T7-12

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6
Q

Transverse abdominus actions

A

Stabilises lumbar spine

Raise intra abdominal pressure

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7
Q

Rectus abdominus

A

-Xiphoid process
Costal cartilages of rib 5-7
- Pubic symphysis
Pubic crest

Anterior rami T6-12

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8
Q

Rectus abdominus actions

A

Bilateral- trunk flexion
Posterior pelvic tilt
Contralaterally- rotation
Ipsilaterally- lateral side flexion

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9
Q

Functions of abdominals

A

Trunk movement
Protection of abdominal viscera
Spinal stabilisation
Abdominal pressure- forced expiration, micturition, defecation, parturition, vomiting
Sitting up from lying, getting out of bed

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10
Q

Quadratus lumborum

A
  • Medial half lower border rib 12
    TP lumber vertebrae L5
    Iliolumbar ligament
    -Iliac crest

Ventral roots T12-L4

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11
Q

Quadratus lumborum actions

A

Ipsilaterally- lateral side flexion
Bilaterally- lumbar extension
Depress and stabilise rib 12
Muscle of deep inspiration

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12
Q

Erector spinae

Medial limb- Spinalis

A

-Lower 6 ribs and rib angles
- T11-L5 SP
Supraspinous ligament
Sacro-iliac ligament
Medial sacral crest

Dorsal rami of adjacent throacolumbar nerves

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13
Q

Erector spinae

Lateral limb- Iliocostalis

A 
Lower six ribs and rib angles
- Lateral sacral crest
Sacrotuberous ligament
Sacrococcygeal ligament
Posterior sacro iliac ligament
Posterior iliac crest

Dorsal rami of adjacent throacolumbar nerves

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14
Q

Erector spinae

Deep limb- Longissimus

A

Lower 6 ribs and rib angles
- iliac tuberosity
Inner lip of iliac crest

Dorsal rami of adjacent throacolumbar nerves

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15
Q

Erector spinae actions

A

Bilaterally- extension of vertebral column
Control of flexion
Unilaterally- Ipsilateral lateral side flexion
Ipsilateral rotation
Maintains lumbar lordosis

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16
Q

Semispinalis

A

TP T6-10

Lower cervical and upper thoracic SP

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17
Q

Semispinalis action

A

Bilaterally- Extension of cervical and thoracic spine

Unilaterally- Assists rotation

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18
Q

Rotatores action

A

Stabiliser

Contralateral- rotation

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19
Q

Interspinales action

A

Stabiliser muscle

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20
Q

Intertransversus action

A

Stabiliser

Ilsilaterally- Lateral side flexion

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21
Q

Multifidus actions

A

Bilaterally- Extension
Unilaterally- Ipsilateral Lateral side flexion
Contralateral rotation

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22
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Sternal head- Upper anterior manubrium
Lateral 1/2 superior nuchal line of occipital bone
Clavicular head- Superior surface medial 1/3 clavicle
Lateral surface mastoid process of temporal bone

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23
Q

Sternocleidomastoid actions

Study These Flashcards
A 
Ipsilateral- shoulder tilt/ lateral side flexion
Contralateral- head rotation
Bilateral- cervical spine flexion
Draws head anteriorly 
Accessory muscle of respiration
24
Q

Diaphragm

Study These Flashcards
A

Peripheral attachments:
Anteriorly- costal surface xiphoid process
Costal margin/thoracic wall
Laterally- Ends of ribs 11-12
Posteriorly- Lumbar vertebrae
Medial and lateral arcuate ligaments

Left crura- L1-2 and intervertebral disc
Right crura- L1-3 and intervertebral disc

Central attachment:
Muscle fibres converge forming central tendon

25
Diaphragm actions
Contracts and flatterns during inspiration | Increases thoracic pressure so air enters
26
Diaphragm function
``` Helps with: Breathing and inspiration Core stability Active contraction in labour or urination Vomiting ```
27
Scalenes
``` Anterior- TP C3-6 - Rib 1 Medius- Tp C1-7 - Rib 1 Posterior- TP C4-6 - Rib 2 ``` Ant- ventral rami c4-6 Med- ventral rami c3-8 Post- ventral c6-8
28
Scalenes actions
Unilaterally- Ipsilateral lateral side flexion Bilaterally- cervical flexion Accessory muscle of respiration- Elevates rib 1
29
External Intercostal
Inferior margin of superior rib (Ribs 1-11) | Superior margin of inferior rib (Ribs 2-12)
30
External intercostal actions
Rib elevation Increasing transverse dimensions of thoracic cavity Most active in inspiration
31
Internal intercostals
Lateral edge of costal groove of superior rib | Superior margin of inferior rib
32
Internal intercostal actions
Depress ribs Decreases transverse dimensions of thoracic Support intercostal space Most active in expiration
33
Innermost intercostals
Inferior margin and internal surface of costal cartilage ribs 2-6 Inferior aspect of deep xiphoid process Costal cartilage ribs 4-7
34
Innermost intercostals
Decreases transverse dimensions of thoracic cavity. | Active in expiration
35
Serratus anterior
Outer surfaces upper 8-9 ribs Deep fascia overlaying deep intercostal space Costal surface medial border of scapula
36
Serratus anterior actions
Protraction of scapula Lateral rotation of scapula Long thoracic c5-7
37
Pectoralis major
Inferior and anterior clavicular Anterior sternum First 7 costal cartilages Aponeurosis of external obliques Lateral lip of intertubercular groove
38
Pectoralis major action
Clav- flexion (sternal RI) Sternal- extension (clav RI) Both- adduction and MR humerus Medial and lateral pectoral nerves c5-8
39
Latissimus dorsi
``` Thoracolumbar fascia from SP T6-12 and all of sacral and lumbar vertebrae Iliac crest Inferior angle of scapula Lower 4 ribs Some fibres to sacrum and coccyx ``` Floor of intertubercular groove
40
Latissimus dorsi action
Extension, MR and adduction of humerus Respiratory action when arms fixed (deep cough) Thoracodorsal nerve C6-8
41
Muscles of inspiration
Diaphragm External intercostals Serratus posterior superior
42
Muscles of respiratory distress
``` Sternocleidomastoid (sternomastoid) Scaleni Serratus anterior Pectoralis major Pectoralis minor Latissimus dorsi ```
43
Muscles of forced expiration
``` Intercostal muscles Transversus Thoracis Subcostals Serratus posterior inferior External oblique Internal oblique Rectus abdominus Transversus abdominus Latissimus dorsi Quadratus lumborum ```
44
Transverus thoracis actions
Depress costal cartilages
45
Longus capitis actions
Unilaterally- ipsilateral lateral side flexion Bilaterally- cervical spine flexion Supports cervical lordosis
46
Longus colli actions
Bilaterally- cervical spine flexion Unilaterally- ipsilateral side flexion Supports cervical lordosis
47
Rectus capitis anterior and lateralis action
Deep cervical flexion Stabiliser muscle Ipsilateral lateral flexion
48
Rectus capitis posterior minor and major | Obliqus capitis inferior and superior
Bilaterally- upper cervical extension | Unilaterally- Ipsilateral lateral flexor
49
Levator scapulae
C1–4 TP | Medial scapula border
50
Levator scapulae actions
Elevation of scapula Ipsilateral lateral flexion Cervical neck extension Dorsal scapula nerve C5
51
Levator scapulae function
Scapula stability | Resists depression with weight in hand
52
Upper trapezius
External occipital protuberance Medial 1/3 superior nuchal line Ligamentum nuchae SP T7-12 and supraspinous ligament Posterior border lateral 1/3 clavicle
53
Upper trapezius actions
Cervical spine- bilaterally- cervical spine extension Unilaterally- ipsilateral lateral side flexion Shoulder girdle/scapula- elevation of shoulder girdle Upwards scapula rotation
54
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Between scapula anterior and middle the whole brachial plexus and arterial supply to upper limbs and venous supply return to upper limb exits.
55
Splenius cervicis actions
Bilaterally- cervical spine extension Unilaterally- ipsilateral lateral flexion Rotation
56
Splenius capitis actions
Extension of cervical spine and head | Neck and head retraction
57
Semispinalis capitis actions
Bilaterally- cervical extension Unilaterally- ipsilateral lateral side flexion Stability muscle

Physiotherapy (18 decks)

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