Axial Muscles

Question 1

Buccinator Muscle

Answer 1

Origin: alveolar processes of the maxilla and mandible

Insertion: blends into fibers of the orbicularis oris

Action: compresses cheeks

Innervation: facial nerve

Question 2

Orbicularis Oris

Answer 2

Origin: maxilla and mandible

Insertion: lips

Action: compresses, purses lips

Innervation: facial nerve

Question 3

Orbicularis Oculi

Answer 3

Origin: medial margin of orbit

Insertion: skin around eyelids

Action: closes eyes

Innervation: facial nerve

Question 4

Inferior Rectus

Answer 4

Action: eye looks DOWN

Innervation: oculomotor nerve

Question 5

Medial Rectus

Answer 5

Action: eye looks MEDIALLY

Innervation: oculomotor nerve

Question 6

Superior Rectus

Answer 6

Action: eye looks UP

Innervation: oculomotor nerve

Question 7

Lateral Rectus

Answer 7

Action: eye looks LATERALLY

Innervation: abducens nerve

Question 8

Inferior Oblique

Answer 8

Action: eye rolls, looks UP and LATERALLY

Innervation: oculomotor nerve

Question 9

Superior Oblique

Answer 9

Action: eye rolls, looks DOWN and LATERALLY

Innervation: trochlear nerve

Question 10

Masseter

Answer 10

Origin: zygomatic arch

Insertion: lateral surface and angle of MANDIBULAR RAMUS

Action: - closes mouth
- assists in protracting & retracting
the mandible side to side

Innervation: trigeminal nerve

Question 11

Temporalis

Answer 11

Origin: along temporal line of skull

Insertion: coronoid process of mandible and anterior border of the mandibular ramus

Action: - closes mouth
- assists in retracting and moving
mandible side to side

Innervation: trigeminal nerve

Question 12

Pterygoids (group)

Answer 12

Origin: lateral pterygoid plate

Insertion: medial surface of MANDIBULAR RAMUS

Question 13

Medial Pterygoid

Answer 13

Origin: lateral pterygoid plate and adjacent portions of palatine bone and maxilla

Insertion: medial surface of Mandibular Ramus

Action: closes mouth

Innervation: trigeminal nerve

Question 14

Lateral Pterygoid

Answer 14

Origin: lateral pterygoid plate & greater wing of sphenoid

Insertion: anterior part of the neck of the Mandibular Condyle

Action: opens mouth

Innervation: trigeminal nerve

Question 15

Genioglossus

Answer 15

Origin: medial surface of MANDIBLE around the chin

Insertion: body of the TONGUE, HYOID bone

Action: depresses & protracts tongue

Innervation: hypoglossal nerve

Question 16

Pharyngeal Constrictors

Answer 16

Origin: - medial aspect of MANDIBLE

        - HYOID bone
        - thyroid & cricoid cartilages

Insertion: median RAPHE

Action: constrict pharynx to propel bolus into esophagus

Innervation: pharyngeal plexus

Question 17

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 17

Origin: - sternal end of CLAVICLE
- MANUBRIUM (sternal end)

Insertion: mastoid region of the skull & lateral portion of superior nuchal line

Action: - together they flex the neck
- alone, one side bends towards
the shoulder & turns face to
opposite side

Innervation: accesory nerve & cervical spinal nerves

Question 18

Sternohyoid

Answer 18

Origin: clavicle and manubrium

Insertion: hyoid bone

Action: depresses hyoid bone and larynx

Question 19

Sternothyroid

Answer 19

Origin: dorsal surface MANUBRIUM & 1st costal cartilage

Insertion: thryroid cartilage and larynx

Action: depresses hyoid bone & larynx

Question 20

Thyrohyoid

Answer 20

Origin: thyroid cartilage of larynx

Insertion: hyoid bone

Action: depresses hyoid; elevates larynx

Question 21

Omohyoid

Answer 21

Origin: superior border of the SCAPULA near the scapular notch

Insertion: hyoid bone

Action: depresses hyoid bone & larynx

Question 22

Digastric (Anterior Belly)

Answer 22

Origin: from inferior surface of MANDIBLE at chin

Insertion: hyoid bone

Action: depresses mandible, opening mouth, and/or elevates larynx

Question 23

Digastric (Posterior Belly)

Answer 23

Origin: from mastoid region of TEMPORAL BONE
Insertion: hyoid bone

Action: depresses mandible, opening mouth, and/or elevates larynx

Question 24

Geniohyoid

Answer 24

Origin: medial surface of MANDIBLE at chin

Insertion: hyoid bone

Action: -depress mandible, opening mouth

        - elevates larynx
        - retracts hyoid bone

Question 25

Mylohyoid

Answer 25

Origin: mylohyoid line of MANDIBLE Insertion: median CT band (RAPHE) that runs to hyoid bone Action: - elevates floor of mouth - elevates hyoid bone - depresses mandible

Question 26

Stylohyoid

Answer 26

Origin: styloid process of temporal bone Insertion: hyoid bone Action: elevates larynx

Question 27

Iliocostalis Group

Answer 27

Origin: sacrum, iliac crest, & ribs Insertion: RIBS & transverse processes of vertebrae above Innervation: cervical, thoracic, & lumbar spinal nerves

Question 28

Spinalis Group

Answer 28

Origin: spinous processes below Insertion: spinous processes above Innervation: cervical, thoracic, & lumbar spinal nerves

Question 29

Longissmus Group

Answer 29

Origin: transverse processes of vertebrae below Insertion: transverse processe of vertebrae above Innervation: cervical, thoracic, & lumbar spinal nerves

Question 30

Splenius

Answer 30

Origin: cervical spinous processes Insertion: mastoid process & superior cervical vertebrae Action: together - extend neck & head either side - turns head to SAME side & laterally flexes neck

Question 31

Scalenes

Answer 31

Origin: transverse processes of vertebrae Insertion: first two ribs

Question 32

Internal Intercostals

Answer 32

Origin: SUPERIOR border of each rib Insertion: INFERIOR border of each rib above

Question 33

External Intercostals

Answer 33

Origin: INFERIOR border of each rib Insertion: SUPERIOR border of each rib below

Question 34

External Abdominal Oblique

Answer 34

Origin: external & inferior borders of ribs 5 12 Insertion: aponeuroses of external oblique & linea alba

Question 35

Internal Abdominal Oblique

Answer 35

Origin: thoracolumbar fascia & iliac crest Insertion: inferior surface of lower ribs, linea alba, & pubis

Question 36

Rectus Abdominis

Answer 36

Origin: superior aspect of pubis bone Insertion: inferior surface of ribs 5-7 & xiphoid

Question 37

Diaphragm

Answer 37

Origin: - xiphoid of sternum - ribs 7-12 - anterior surface of lumbar vertebrae Insertion: central tendinous sheet or tendon

Question 38

Levator Ani | pubococcygeus + iliococcygeus

Answer 38

Origin: ischial spine & pubis Insertion: coccyx & median raphe

Question 39

Coccygeus (Ischiococcygeus)

Answer 39

Origin: ischial spine Insertion: sacrum & coccyx

Question 40

External Anal Sphincter

Answer 40

Origin: via tendon from coccyx Insertion: encircles anal opening Action: closes anal opening Innervation: sacral spinal nerves