AXIAL SKELETON

Question 1

The skull is formed by two sets of bones.

Answer 1

Cranium
Facial Bones

Question 1

The axial skeleton forms the longitudinal axis of the body

It can be divided into three parts

Answer 1

skull
vertebral column
Thoracic cage

Question 2

encloses and protects the fragile brain tissue

Answer 2

cranium

Question 3

form a cradle for the eyes that is open to the anterior and allow the facial muscles to show our feelings through smiles or frowns.

Answer 3

facial bones

Question 4

All but one of the bones of the skull are joined together by _________, which are interlocking, immovable joints.

Answer 4

sutures

Question 5

is only attached to the rest of the skull by a freely movable joint.
Cranium

Answer 5

Mandible

Question 6

The boxlike cranium is composed of eight large flat bones. Except for two sets of paired bones (the parietal and temporal), they are all single bones.

Answer 6

okieeeeeeeeee

Question 7

forms the forehead, the bony projections under the eyebrows, and the superior part of each eye’s orbit

Answer 7

Frontal Bone

Question 8

form most of the superior and lateral walls of the cranium

Answer 8

Parietal Bones

Question 9

is formed at the midline where the two parietal bones meet

Answer 9

sagittal suture

Question 10

is formed where the paired parietal
bones meet the frontal bone.

Answer 10

coronal suture

Question 11

lie inferior to the parietal bones and join them at the SQUAMOUS SUTURE

Answer 11

temporal bones

Question 12

is a canal that leads to the eardrum and the middle ear.
It is the route by which sound enters the ear.

Answer 12

external acoustic meatus

Question 13

a sharp, needlelike projection, is just inferior to the external auditory meatus. Many neck muscles use this as an attachment point.

Answer 13

styloid process

Question 14

is a thin bridge of bone that joins with the cheekbone anteriorly.

Answer 14

zygomatic process

Question 15

which is full of air cavities, is a rough projection posterior and inferior to the external acoustic meatus. It provides an attachment site for some muscles of the neck.

Answer 15

mastoid process

Question 16

_______ are so close to the middle ear-a high-risk spot for infections-that they may become infected too, a condition called _________.

Answer 16

mastoid sinuses

mastoiditis

Question 17

Also, this area is so close to the brain that mastoiditis may spread to the brain.

Answer 17

mastoid process

Question 18

-at the junction of the occipital and temporal bones
-allows passage of the jugular vein which drains blood from the brain

Answer 18

jugular foramen

Question 19

the largest vein of the head,

Answer 19

jugular vein

Question 20

Just anterior to it in the cranial cavity is the _______________ which transmits cranial nerves VII and VIII (the
facial and vestibulocochlear nerves).

Answer 20

internal acoustic meatus

Question 21

Anterior to the jugular foramen on the skull’s inferior aspect is the ___________

Answer 21

carotid canal

Question 22

which the internal carotid artery runs, supplying blood to most of the brain.

Answer 22

carotid canal

Question 23

is the most posterior bone of the cranium

Answer 23

Occipital Bone

Question 24

It forms the base and back wall of the skull.

Answer 24

Occipital Bone

Question 25

The occipital bone joins the PARIETAL bones anteriorly at the _____________suture

Answer 25

lambdoid suture

Question 26

In the base of the occipital bone is a large opening, the __________ (literally, "large hole")

Answer 26

foramen magnum

Question 27

surrounds the lower part of the brain and allows the spinal cord to connect with the brain.

Answer 27

foramen magnum

Question 28

Lateral to the foramen magnum on each side are the rockerlike___________which rest on the first lower part vertebra of the spinal column.

Answer 28

occipital condyles

Question 29

The butterfly-shaped forms part of the floor of the cranial cavity bone spans the width of the skull.

Answer 29

Sphenoid Bone

Question 30

In the middle line of the sphenoid is a small depression called as

Answer 30

sella turcica / Turk's saddle

Question 31

which forms a snug enclosure for the pituitary gland.

Answer 31

sella turcica / Turk's saddle

Question 32

a large oval opening in line with the posterior end of the sella turcica

Answer 32

foramen ovale

Question 33

allows fibers of cranial nerve V (the trigeminal nerve) to pass to the chewing muscles of the lower jaw (mandible).

Answer 33

foramen ovale

Question 34

Parts of the sphenoid bone, seen exteriorly forming part eye orbits, have two important openings

Answer 34

foramen ovale

Question 35

Parts of the sphenoid bone, seen exteriorly forming part eye orbits, have two important openings: [2]

Answer 35

(OPTIC CANAL , SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE)

Question 36

which allows the optic nerve to pass to the eye,

Answer 36

optic canal

Question 37

the slitlike through which the cranial nerves controlling eye movements (III, IV, and VI) pass

Answer 37

superior orbital fissure,

Question 38

The central part of the sphenoid bone is riddled with air cavities,

Answer 38

sphenoidal sinuses

Question 39

is very irregularly shaped and lies anterior to the sphenoid.

Answer 39

Ethmoid Bone

Question 40

It forms the roof of the nasal cavity and part of the medial walls of the orbits.

Answer 40

Ethmoid Bone

Question 41

Ethmoid bone: Projecting from its superior surface is the ________ The outermost covering of the brain attaches to this projection. On each side are many small holes.

Answer 41

crista galli

Question 42

-these holey areas -allow nerve fibers carrying impulses from the olfactory (smell) receptors of the nose to reach the brain.

Answer 42

cribriform plates

Question 43

Extensions of the ethmoid bone

Answer 43

superior nasal conchae

Question 44

form part of the lateral walls of the nasal cavity

Answer 44

middle nasal conchae

Question 45

14 bones make up the face. 12 are paired; only the MANDIBLR and VOMER are single.

Answer 45

Facial Bones

Question 46

fuse to form the upper jaw. All facial bones except the mandible join the; thus they are the main, or "keystone," bones of the face.

Answer 46

maxillae or maxillary bones

Question 47

Maxillae carry the upper teeth in the

Answer 47

alveolar process.

Question 48

Extensions of the maxillae called the

Answer 48

palatine processes

Question 49

form the anterior part of the hard palate of the mouth.

Answer 49

palatine processes

Question 50

Like many other facial bones, the maxillae contain sinuses, which drain into the nasal passages These_______________, whose naming reveals their position surrounding the nasal cavity lighten the skull bones and amplify the sounds we make as we speak.

Answer 50

paranasal sinuses

Question 51

The paranasal sinuses cause many people a great deal of misery. Because the mucosa lining these sinuses is continuous with that in the nose and throat, infections in these areas tend to migrate into on which the sinuses, causing ____________?

Answer 51

sinusitis

Question 52

lie posterior to the palatine processes of the maxillae. They form the posterior part of the hard palate

Answer 52

Palatine bones

Question 53

Failure of these or the palatine processes to fuse medially results in

Answer 53

cleft palate

Question 54

commonly referred to as the cheekbones. They also form a good-sized portion of the lateral walls of the orbits.

Answer 54

Zygomatic Bones

Question 55

are fingernail-sized bones forming part of the medial wall of each orbit. Each has a groove that serves as a passageway for tears

Answer 55

lacrimal bones

Question 56

The small rectangular bones forming the bridge of the nose

Answer 56

Nasal Bones

Question 57

The single bone in the median line of the nasal cavity

Answer 57

Vomer Bone

Question 58

The lower part of the skeleton of the nose is made up of

Answer 58

hyaline cartilage

Question 59

Vomer means

Answer 59

"plow,"

Question 60

this forms the inferior part of the bony nasal septum which separates the two nostrils

Answer 60

Vomer

Question 61

are thin, curved bones projecting medially from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity. (As mentioned earlier, the superior and middle conchae are similar but are parts of the ethmoid bone.)

Answer 61

Inferior Nasal Conchae