Axial Skeleton Flashcards
(123 cards)
1
Q
Frontal Bone
A
Cranial: Large flat convex anterior roof of cranium and contains air filled sinuses connected to nasal cavity.
2
Q
Squama
A
Cranial: Flat region of bone forming the forehead
3
Q
Supra-orbital Margin
A
Cranial: Upper edge of orbits.
4
Q
Supraorbital foramen
A
Cranial: Opening in the center of supraorbital margin contains opthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve (sensory information from superior regions of the face.)
5
Q
Zygomatic Process
A
Cranial: Articulates with frontal process of zygomatic bone.
6
Q
Parietal (L/R)
A
Large flat convex superior lateral walls of cranium.
7
Q
Grooves for meningeal vessels
A
Depressions on the deep surface that contour to the blood vessels in the membranes surrounding the brain
8
Q
Parietal Eminence
A
Central region on exterior with the greatest convex curvature.
9
Q
Suture: Coronal
A
Between frontal and parietal
10
Q
Suture: Squamos
A
Between Temporal and parietal
11
Q
Suture: Sagittal
A
Between left and right parietal
12
Q
Suture: Lambdoid
A
Between Occipital and Parietal
13
Q
Occipital Bone
A
LArgew Flat Convex Posterior Wall and base of cranium
14
Q
Foramen magnum
A
Contains medulla oblongata that attaches to the spinal cord
15
Q
Occipital Condyles
A
Smooth extensions lateral to foramen magnum that articulate with the first cervical vertebra (atlas)
16
Q
Hypoglossal Canals
A
Lateral to foramen magnum contains a cranial nerve that excites muscles of tongue.
17
Q
External Occipital Crest, protuberance, and nuchal lines
A
Attachment for muscles and ligaments that extend and stabilize the neck
18
Q
Fossa for cerebrum
A
Smooth Convex deep surface contours to occipital lobe of cerebrum
19
Q
Fossa for Cerebellum
A
Smooth Convex deep surface contours to cerebellum
20
Q
Jugular Notch
A
Forms the medial side of jugular foramen that is origin of jugular vein draining blood from the brain.
21
Q
Temporal Bone
A
2, Medium sized irregular shape forms the inferior lateral wall
22
Q
Floor of cranium has 2 parts:
A
Squamos Part: Flat region that forms the squamos suture.
Petrous Part: Inferior part that has a complex shape and contains middle ear with audiotry ossicles & inner ear with cochlea, vestibule, & semicircular canals.
23
Q
Zygomatic Process
A
Articulates with the temporal process of zygomatic bone.
24
Q
Mandibular Fossa
A
Articulates w/ condylar p. of mandible to form only mobile skull joint
25
External Acousitic Meatus
Opening for air in external ear vibrate the tympanic membrane and ossicles of middle ear
26
Internal Acoustic Meastus
Vestibular Cochlear nerve travels from inner ear.
27
Mastoid Process
Interstion for sternocleidomastoid muscle that flex and rotates neck.
28
Styloid Process
Origin of styloglossus and stylohyoid muscles
29
Stylomastoid foramen
Located between the styloid and mastoid processes this opening contains the facial nerve
30
Carotid Foramen (canal)
Contains internal carotid artery sipplying blood to the brain
31
Sphenoid Bone
Medium Sized Irregular shape forms the anterior floor of cranium and articulates with all seven of the other cranial bones. Contains air filled sinuses that connect to nasal cavity.
32
Pterygoid Processes
Inferior extensions that provide attachment for the pterygoid jaw muscles.
33
Greater Wings
Majority of bone extending lateral from the central body and contains:
* Foramen Spinosum
* Foramen Ovale
* Foramen Rotundum
34
Foramen Spinosum
Furthest posterior and lateral opening in greater wing, small round opening that contains meningeal vessels
35
Formane Ovale
Oval shaped opening on the posterior of the greater wing contains mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve
36
Foramen Rotundum
Round opening on the medial to foramen ovale in the greater wing contains maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve.
37
Lesser wings
Broad regions on anterior superior to the greater wings.
38
Optic Foramen
Contains optic nerve that carries vision from the eyes
39
Superior Orbital Fissures
Large elongated opening between the lesser wings and greater wings, contains several nerves traveling to/from the eyes.
40
Sella Turcica
Cup shaped depression posterior and medial to the lesser wings that protects the pituitary gland.
41
Ethmoid Bone
Small irregular bone that forms the roof of nasal cavity. Contains air filled sinuses that connect with nasal cavity.
42
Crista Galli
"rooster comb" anterior attachment of falx cerebri
43
Cribriform plate
Numerous small foramina lateral to the crista gali that contains branches of the olfactory nerve
44
Perpendicular Plate
Forms superiod portion of nasal septum dividing the nasal cavity into left and right
45
Nasal Concha
Superior and middle nasal concha are scroll shaped extensions of the ethmoid that project into the nasal cavity lateral to the perpendicular plate and produce turbulence that helps warm and humidify incoming air.
46
Cranial Fossa
Smooth Convex surfaces on floor of cranium contour around the brain
47
Fontanelles
Fibrous CT between cranial bones of an infant
48
Anterior Fontanelle
Junction of sagittal and coronal sutures where left and right halves of frontal bone merge together
49
Posterior Fontanelle
Junction of lambdoid and sagittal sutures
50
Sphenoidal Fontaelle
Junction of squamos and coronal sutures
51
Mastoid Fontanelle
Junction of squamos and lambdoid sutures
52
Facial Bones:
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Vomer (1)
Inferior Nasal Concha (2)
Nasal (2)
Maxilla (2)
Mandible (1)
Palatine (2)
Zygomatic (2)
Lacrimal (2)
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53
Vomer
Small Flat Shape resembles a plow forms the inferior portion of nasal septum
54
Inferior Nasal Concha
Samll irregular bones that form scroll shaped extension from the inferior lateral walls of nasal cavity to produce turbulence that helps warm and humidify incoming air
55
Nasal Bones
Small flat Forming bridge of nose
56
Maxilla
Medium Sized irregular shape forms upper jaw and medial margin of orbit. Contains air filled sinuses that connect to nasal cavity.
57
Infraorbital foramen and inferior orbital fissure
Contain a divisions of the maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve
58
Palatal (palatine) process
Forms anterior 2/3 of hard palate
59
Zygomatic process
Articulates with zygomatic bone
60
Frontal Process
Articulates with the frontal bone
61
Alvelolar Process
Ridges around upper teeth
62
Mandible
Medium sized irregular bone forms lower jaw
63
Alveolar Process
Ridge around lower teeth
64
Mental Foramen
Opening on the anterior surface of the body that contains a division of mandibular branch of trigemnial nerve
65
Ramus
Process that projects superior from the mandibular angle
66
Condylar Process
Articulates with mandiublar fossa to form only mobile skull joint
67
Coronoid Process
Insertion for temporalis muscle that closes jaw
68
Mandibular Notch
Smooth Concave curve at end of ramus between condylar and coronoid processes
69
Mandiublar Foramen
Opening on the medial surface of the ramus that contains a division of mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve carrying sesnory information from lower jaw (site for novocain injections)
70
Palatine Bone
Small irrefulae bones that resemble the letter L with a horiziontal plate that forms the posterior 1/3 of hard palate.
71
Zygomatic Bone
Medium sized irregular bones that form that cheeks located lateral to the maxillae and anterior to the temporal and sphenoid bones,
72
Temporal Process
Articulates with zygomatic process of tmeporal bone
73
Frontal Process
Articulates with zygomatic process of frontal bone
74
Lacrimal Bones
The smallest Bones of the face have a flat shape and are located in the medial orbits
75
Lacrimal Groove
Forms nasolscrimal duct draining tears
76
Hyoid
Small irregular horseshoe shape located inferior to mandible has no bony joints
77
Frontal Bone
Forms the roof and supraorbital margin
78
Zygomatic Bone
Forms the lateral wall and lateral floor
79
Maxilla
Has a frontal process that forms the medial margin and majority of the medial floor
80
Palatine Bone
Has a superior orbital process forming a small portion of the medial floor
81
Lacrimal Bone
Forms the portion of the medial wall just lateral to the frontal process of the Maxilla
82
Ethmoid Bone
Forms the portion of the medial wall just medial to the sphenoid bone
83
Sphenoid
Forms the majority of the posterior wall containing the optic canal and superior orbital fissure
84
Vertebral Column
26 Bones; Medium to small size and irregular shape, located along midline from base of skll to the pelvis and forms the vertebral cavity. 7 Cervical, 12 Thoracic, 5 Lumbar, 1 Sacrum, 1 Coccyc
85
Primary Curves
Present at birth are in the thoracic and sacral regions
86
Secondary Curves
Develop with upright posture, found in cervical and lumbar regions
87
Scoliosis
Abnormal Lateral Curve of spine
88
Kymphosis
Exaggerated thoracic curve
89
Lordosis
Exaggerated lumbar curve (sway back)
90
Body of vertebrae
Large anterior region and the vertebral arch is the posterior region surrounding the vertebral canal that contains the spinal cord
91
Pedicles
Lateral walls of the vertebral foramen
92
Lamina
Posterior walls of the vertebral foramen
93
Spinous Process
Extends psterior from the lamina
94
Transverse Processes
Extends lateral from the pedicles
95
Superior and inferior articular processes
Extend from lamina and have facets to form joints between adjacent vertebrae
96
Intervertebral Foramen
Formed by two adjacent vertebrae located between the articular processes and bodies where spinal nerves connect to the spinal cord
97
Intervertebral Discs
Pads preventing contact between adjacent vertebral bones
98
Annulus Fibrous
Outer ring of fibrocartilage
99
Nucleaus Pulposus
Jelly-like core of loose CT
100
Atlas
What C1 is also referred to as: no body, anterior & posterior arch attach to lateral masses w/ articular facets
101
Axis
What C2 is also referred to as: The odontoid process or dens develops from what would have been the body of atlas and enables the rotation of atlas as occurs when you shake from side to side to say no.
102
Vertebra Prominens
C7: Generally has the overall appearance similar to the thoracic vertebrae with a long slender spinous process that is not bifid but C7 does not have costal facets that would be found on thoracic vertebrae
103
Costal Facets
Transverse processes articulate with the ribs
104
Sacral
Large irregular bone that forms the posterior wall of the pelvic cavity and formed from the fusion of 5 vertebrae
105
Sacral Promontory
Anterior rim of base
106
Apex
Narrow inferior end articulates with coccyx
107
Canal
Contains spinal nerves that extend down from the spinal cord through the vertebral frament and exit through the 4 pairs of sacral foramina
108
Median Sacral Crest
Ridge on the posterior down midline resulting from fused spionous processes
109
Coccyx
"tail" bone made of 3-5 small vertebrae that fuse together late in life.
110
Sternum
Large flat bone along midline on anterior thorax
111
Manubrium of sternum
Broad superior part
112
Jugular (suprasternal) notch
Curved superior edge on midline between clavicles
113
Body of sternum
Large middle portion
114
Xiphoid Process
"Sword Like" small inferior pointed tip that is originally made of cartilage but gradually ossifies during adult life
115
Ribs
24; medium sized flat bones extending lateral and anterior from the thoracic vertebrae, the superior ten curve medial at the anterior o the thorax to form cartilaginous articulations with the sternum (Costal Cartilage)
116
True Ribs
Numbered 1-7 attach to sternum directly through distinct costal cartilages
117
False Ribs
8-10 Attach to the costal cartilage of rib 7
118
Floating ribs
11-12 have no costal cartilage
119
Head of rib
Articulates with the costal facets of vertebral body
120
Tubercule of Rib
Articulates with the costal facets on the transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae
121
Neck of rib
Region between head and tubercle
122
Angle of rib
Point of greatest curvature
123
Costal Groove of Rib
Long narrow depression on the inferior surface that contains costal nerves and blood vessels
