Intro to Nervous System

Question 1

Sensory Input

Answer 1

Monitoring stimuli occurring inside and outside of the body

Question 2

Integration

Answer 2

Processing of sensory input and formulation of motor commands

Question 3

Motor Output

Answer 3

Response to stimuli by activating effector organs

Question 4

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 4

Brain and Spinal Cord

Question 5

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 5

All nervous tissue outside CNS

Question 6

Reflexes

Answer 6

Predictable rapid response to a stimulus

Question 7

Receptor of a reflex

Answer 7

Detects a stimulus

Question 8

Afferent (Sensory) Neuron of a reflex

Answer 8

Relays information to CNS

Question 9

Control Center of a reflex

Answer 9

Region of the CNS that processes sensory information and sends motor commands

Question 10

Efferent (Motor) Neuron of a reflex

Answer 10

Carries motor commands away from CNS to the effector

Question 11

Effector of a reflex

Answer 11

Muscle or gland that responds to motor commands by producing the response

Question 12

Afferent Fibers (Sensory) Division of PNS

Answer 12

Carry info from receptors to the CNS

Question 13

Somatic Afferent Fibers of PNS

Answer 13

Carry impulses from skin, skeletal muscles and joints

Question 14

Visceral Afferent Fibers of PNS

Answer 14

Carries impulses from organs within ventral body cavities

Question 15

Special Sensory Afferent Fibers

Answer 15

Carries impulses from nose, eye, tongue, and ear

Question 16

Efferent (Motor) Division

Answer 16

Motor neurons carry commands away from CNS to effectors

Question 17

Somatic Efferent Fibers

Answer 17

Control voluntary skeletal muscle contraction

Question 18

Autonomic Efferent Fibers

Answer 18

Control involuntary cardiac muscles, smooth muscles and glands

Question 19

Sympathetic Division

Answer 19

Travels through thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves and produces the flight or fight responses to mobilize energy reserves and prepare for activity to deal with stress

Question 20

Parasympathetic Division

Answer 20

Travels through cranial nerves and sacral spine nerve and produces the rest and digest maintenance responses to store and conserve energy

Question 21

Soma of a neuron

Answer 21

Cell body or perikaryon; contains nucleus and organelles

Question 22

Dendrite of a neuron

Answer 22

Branching extensions that contain receptors to detect neurotransmitters from other neurons

Question 23

Axon Hillack of neuron

Answer 23

Where cell body tapers into the axon, site where the action potential originates

Question 24

Axon of neuron

Answer 24

Single long process, transmits action potential away from soma

Question 25

Axolemma of neuron

Answer 25

Plasma membrane of an axon

Question 26

Myelin sheath of neuron

Answer 26

Insulation formed by glial cells wrapping around the axon

Question 27

Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 27

Gaps in the myelin sheath

Question 28

Internodes

Answer 28

Segments of myelin

Question 29

Axon Terminals of neuron

Answer 29

Enlarged distal ends of an axon that contains secretory vesicles filled with neurotransmitters (synaptic vesicles)

Question 30

Sensory (Afferent) Neurons

Answer 30

Carry sensory information from sensory receptors to CNS

Question 31

Interneurons

Answer 31

Between sensory and motor neurons, only in CNS

Question 32

Motor (Efferent) Neurons

Answer 32

Carry commands from CNS to effector organs

Question 33

Multipolar Neurons

Answer 33

Multiple processes branching off the cell body, numerous dendrites and one axon

Question 34

Unipolar Neurons

Answer 34

Appear to have one extension off the cell body. This extension branches forming a long axon with dendrites on one end and axon terminals on the opposite end. **Most Sensory Neurons of the PNS**

Question 35

Bipolar Neurons

Answer 35

Two Extensions from cell body, one dendrite & one axon. Found in special sense organs.

Question 36

Astrocyte Cells

Answer 36

``` Star Shaped, processes cling to neurons and capillaries >Provide structural support >Maintain blood brain barrier >Adjusts interstitial environment >Guides neuron development ```

Question 37

Olingoclendrocyte Cells

Answer 37

Wrap cytoplasmic processes around the axons and neurons | >Forms a white fatty insulation material called a myelin sheath

Question 38

Microglial

Answer 38

Oval Cells with long thorny processes | >Remove cellular debris and pathogens

Question 39

Epedymal

Answer 39

Collated cells, line chambers filled with cerebrospinal fluid >Monitor and maintain the composition of CSF >Assist in the circulation of CSF

Question 40

Schwann Cells

Answer 40

Surrounds and protects axons in the PNS | >Forms myelin sheath around some axons of PNS

Question 41

Neurilemma

Answer 41

Outer layer that contains Schwann cell cytoplasm

Question 42

Satellite Cells

Answer 42

Surround cell bodies of neurons and isolates cell body and regulates exchange of nutrients and waste

Question 43

Membrane Potential

Answer 43

Separation of charge across the plasma membrane measured in volts

Question 44

Resting Membrane Potential

Answer 44

Membrane potential at rest when the cell is not receiving information in the form of a graded potential or sending out information as an action potential. Resting potential is typically around -70mV

Question 45

Depolarization

Answer 45

The membrane potential becomes less negative

Question 46

Graded potential

Answer 46

A localized change in membrane potential that is short lived and dissipates as it travels

Question 47

Action Potential

Answer 47

Electrical impulse producing a brief reversal of the membrane potential that travels down the entire length of the axon from the axon hillock to the axon terminals

Question 48

Synapse

Answer 48

Junction between two neurons or a neuron and muscles, glands or cells

Question 49

Presynaptic Neuron

Answer 49

Transmits impulse towards the synapse

Question 50

Axon terminals of the presynaptic neuron

Answer 50

Release neurotransmitters

Question 51

Synaptic Cleft

Answer 51

Fluid Filled Space where neurotransmitters are released

Question 52

Post Synaptic Cells (neuron, muscle, gland, etc.)

Answer 52

Receives information from the presynaptic neurons