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GROSS ANATOMY > Axilla and Brachial Plexus > Flashcards

Axilla and Brachial Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

what is the clavipectoral fascia

A
  • encloses subclavius and pectoralis minor
  • suspensory ligament to fascial floor of axilla
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2
Q

what are the boundaries of the axilla

A

ant. wall = pectoralis maj. & min. , subclavius, fascia
floor = skin and into arm
roof = 1st rib, clavicle, scapula
post. wall = subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi, long head of triceps brachii
lateral wall = humerus
medial wall = serratus anterior, thorax wall

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3
Q

what are the contents of the axilla

A
  • vessels, nerves, lymphatics
  • short head of biceps and coracobrachialis
  • lymph nodes for upper limb and mammary tissue
  • adipose tissue
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4
Q

describe the axillary vein

A
  • anterior to axillary artery
  • becomes subclavian at lat. border rib 1
  • joined by cephalic (sup.) and brachial veins
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5
Q

describe the basilic vein

A
  • drains posterio-medial surface hand and forearm
  • becomes axillary vein in lower portion in teres major
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6
Q

describe the axillary artery

A

from subclavian (lat. margin rib 1) to brachial (inf. margin teres major)

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7
Q

describe the 1st part of the axillary artery

A
  • proximal to pectoralis min.
    = SUPERIOR THORACIC ARTERY
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8
Q

describe the 2nd part of the axillary artery

A
  • post. to pectoralis min.
    = THORACOACROMIAL AND LAT. THORACIC ARTERY
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9
Q

describe the 3rd part of the axillary artery

A
  • distal to pectoralis min.
    = SUBSCAPULAR, ANT. & POST. CIRCUMFLEX HUMERAL ARTERIES
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10
Q

what areas do the humeral lymph nodes drain

A

drain upper limb
- posterior to axillary vein

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11
Q

what areas do the pectoral lymph nodes drain

A

drain thorax and mammary tissue
- inferior margin of pectoralis minor

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12
Q

what areas do the subscapular lymph nodes drain

A

back, shoulder, and neck
- posterior axillary wall

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13
Q

what areas do the central lymph nodes drain

A

they communicate with other nodes
- axillary fat

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14
Q

what areas do the apical lymph nodes drain

A

drain other nodes and mammary tissue
- superior margin of pectoralis minor

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15
Q

what are the nerve roots of the brachial plexus

A

C5-8 in neck
T1 and thoracic inlet
ANTERIOR RAMI C5-T1

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16
Q

describe the nerve roots of the brachial plexus

A
  • roots receive grey rami communicantes
  • carry post-ganglionic sympathetic fibres
17
Q

where do the nerves pass of the brachial plexus pass through

A
  • posterior triangle of the neck
  • pass between the ant. and mid scalene muscles
18
Q

what are the roots of the superior trunk of the brachial plexus

A

C5,6 anterior rami

19
Q

what are the roots of the middle trunk of the brachial plexus

A

C7 anterior rami

20
Q

what are the roots of the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus

A

C8-T1 anterior rami

21
Q

where does the brachial plexus enter the axilla

A

passes over rib 1 and enter the axilla

22
Q

what nerves come from the C5 root

A
  • phrenic nerve
  • dorsal scapular nerve
23
Q

what nerve comes from the C5-7 roots

A
  • long thoracic nerve
24
Q

what nerve roots come from the C5,6 roots (SUPERIOR TRUNK)

A
  • suprascapular nerve
  • nerve to subclavius
25
Q

how many divisions of the trunks of the brachial plexus are there

A
  • each trunk divides into anterior and posterior divisions
  • 3 anterior
  • 3 posterior
26
Q

where do the anterior divisions of the trunks supply

A
  • ultimate pathway for nerves associated with anterior compartments of arm and forearm
27
Q

where do the posterior divisions of the trunks supply

A
  • ultimate pathway for nerves associated with posterior compartments of arm and forearm
28
Q

how many cords of the brachial plexus are there and what are their names

A

3
- lateral
- posterior
- medial
named by relation to axillary artery

29
Q

describe the lateral cord of the brachial plexus

A
  • unites anterior divisions of upper and middle trunks
  • C5-7 fibres present
  • origin of lateral nerve
30
Q

describe the posterior cord of the brachial plexus

A
  • unites all posterior divisions of trunks
  • C5-T1 fibres present
  • origins of subscapular and thoracodorsal nerves
31
Q

describe the medial cord of the brachial plexus

A
  • continuation of anterior division of inf. trunk
  • C8-T1 fibres present
  • origins of medial pectoral and cutaneous nerves
32
Q

what cord(s) supply the anterior compartments of the arm and forearm

A
  • medial cord
  • lateral cord
33
Q

what cord(s) supply the posterior compartments of the arm and forearm

A
  • posterior cord
34
Q

what are the terminal nerve branches of the lateral cord

A
  • lateral pectoral
  • musculocutaneous nerve
  • lateral root of the median nerve
35
Q

what are the terminal branches of the posterior cord

A
  • subscapular nerves
  • thoracodorsal
  • axillary nerve
  • radial nerve
36
Q

what are the terminal nerve branches of the medial cord

A
  • medial pectoral nerve
  • medial cutaneous arm & forearm
  • ulnar nerve
  • medial root of median nerve

GROSS ANATOMY (16 decks)

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