B Flashcards
(32 cards)
Define a skill
A learnt ability to bring about pre-determined results with the minimum outlay of time, energy or both
Developed through practice
What are the characteristics of skill?
*Aesthetically pleasing
It looks good
*Consistent
High percentage rate
*Efficient
Limited energy with high success
*Fluent
Movements flow
*Accurate
High levels of precision
*Controlled
Performer control all aspects
*Economical
Not too much unnecessary energy wasted
Describe open skills
*Unpredictable environment
*High levels of decision making
E.g passing in a game
Describe closed skills
*Predictable environment
*Repetition of a consistent action
*Limited decision making
E.g shot putt
Describe gross skills
*Large muscle groups
*Large muscle fibres
E.g rugby tackle
Describe fine skills
*Small intricate muscle groups
E.g badminton serve
Describe self paced skills
*Performer controls the pace of the movement
*Often controls the start of movement
E.g high jump
Describe externally paced skills
*Performer has no control over the staff of the skill or the speed it’s performed
E.g hockey tackle
Describe discrete skills
*Clear beginning and end
*Short, share action
E.g golf swing
Describe serial skills
*Several discrete skills linked together
E.g triple jump
Describe continuous skills
*No clear beginning and end
*One subroutine leads into the next
E.g 1500m run
Describe high organisation skills
*Not easily broken into parts
*Quick action and subroutines merge
E.g swim dive
Describe low organisation skills
*Easily broken into subroutines
*Can be practiced in parts
E.g swimming
Describe simple skills
*Limited decisions to be processed
*Less to think about when skill is executed
E.g forward roll
Describe complex skills
*Many decisions to be made
*Lots of information needed to perform the skill efficiently
E.g hockey dribble
What is positive transfer?
When the learning if one skill HELPS the learning if another
E.g tennis serve and volley ball serve as movement patterns are similar
What is negative transfer?
When the learning if one skill HINDERS the learning of another
E.g tennis forehand and badminton forehand as tennis is a spin action and badminton is whippinh
What is zero transfer?
When the learning of one skill has NO EFFECT on the learning of another as the skills have no similarities
E.g table tennis and snowboarding
What is bilateral transfer?
When the learning if one skill is transferred ACROSS THE BODY limb to limb
E.g kick with right foot to kick with left foot in football
What are the types of transfer?
- Positive
- Negative
- Zero
- Bilateral
How do you ensure positive transfer?
*Make training realistic and relevant
*Make the performer aware of the impact of learning
*Make sure that a skill is well learnt before progressing
*Positive reinforcement of the adaptation of positive transfer
What are the ways of presenting practice?
*Whole
*Progressive part
*Whole-part-whole
What is whole practice?
Practising a skill in it’s entirety and not breaking it into subroutines
E.g golf swing
What are the advantages and disadvantages of whole practice?
+Creates a whole motor programme
+Allows kinaesthetic feel
+Good for simple skills
-Can be tiring
-Diffucult for complex skills
-Difficult for cognitive learners
