B 2

Question 0

Why might the classification system change?

Answer 0

• new species may be discovered

- new information about certain species may be discovered

Question 1

What the five kingdoms in classification?

Answer 1

• Protista
• Monera
• Fungi
• Plants
• animals

Question 2

What is a hybrid?

Answer 2

The infertile offspring of two different species

Question 3

What are the stages of classification?

Answer 3

• Kingdom
• phylum
• class
• order
• family
• genus
• species

Question 4

What is artificial classification?

Answer 4

• based on observed characteristics

Question 5

What is natural classification?

Answer 5

• uses natural relationships between organisms

- based on evidence

Question 6

What are Arthropods

Answer 6

• have limbs with joints

- invertebrates

Question 7

What are the four classes within Arthropods?

Answer 7

• Crustation
• insect
• Aracnid
• Myriapod

Question 8

What are the producers on a food chain?

Answer 8

Green plants because they produce biomass during photosynthesis

Question 9

What are consumers on a food chain?

Answer 9

Organisms which eat other organisms

Question 10

What does the length of a food chain depend on?

Answer 10

The efficiency of energy transfer

Question 11

How can you calculate energy efficiency?

Answer 11

Energy efficiency =

Energy in biomass / total energy intake X 100

Question 12

What do pyramids of numbers show?

Answer 12

The number of organisms at each stage of a food chain

Question 13

What do pyramids of biomass show?

Answer 13

The dry weight of each organism in a food chain

Question 14

What do Nitrogen- fixing bacteria do?

Answer 14

• Convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates in soil

Question 15

What do Nitrifying bacteria do?

Answer 15

Convert ammonium compounds into nitrates in soil

Question 16

What do denitrifying Bactria do?

Answer 16

Convert nitrates and ammonium compounds into atmospheric nitrogen

Question 17

How do animals adapt to cold environments?

Answer 17

• being well insulated
• having small surface area to volume ratio
• hibernation and migration

Question 18

How are polar bears adapted?

Answer 18

• small ears
• lots of blubber
• thick white fur
• large feet
• fur on soles of paws
• powerful legs

Question 19

How are cacti adapted?

Answer 19

• long roots to reach water
• thick waxy cuticle to reduce water loss
• spines to protect from predators

Question 20

How are camels adapted?

Answer 20

• body fat in hump
• extra water stored in blood
• tolerates temperature change
• hair lined nostrils trap in moisture

Question 21

What are extremophiles?

Answer 21

Organisms that can survive in extreme conditions

Have enzymes that work at different optimum conditions

Question 22

What does it mean if an organism is a specialist?

Answer 22

Only suited to certain environment

Question 23

What does of mean if an orgNism is a generalist?

Answer 23

Can survive in a range of habitats

Question 24

How are predators adapted?

Answer 24

``` - built for quick bursts of speed .- camouflaged - sharp teeth and claws - binocular vision - hunting strategy - few young ```

Question 25

How are prey adapted?

Answer 25

- built for speed - well camouflaged - live in groups - monocular vision - have many young - use mimicry.

Question 26

What is meant by carbon footprint?

Answer 26

The amount of greenhouse gases a person or event is reconcile for over a certain length of time.

Question 27

What is ozone?

Answer 27

A natural gas found high up in the Earth's atmosphere It prevents too many harmful UV rays from reaching the Earth

Question 28

What causes acid rain?

Answer 28

Burning fossil fuels which release acid gases like sulfer dioxide and nitrogen oxide, they dissolve in rainwater to make acid rain

Question 29

What damage can acid rain cause?

Answer 29

- metals corroding - dissolving of rocks and statues - destruction of Forests - lakes becoming acidic, killing fish and other wildlife

Question 30

Describe the greenhouse effect?

Answer 30

1- heat energy from the sun is reflected from the earths surfaces back out towards space 2- when it reaches the atmosphere, some rays pass through, but others are trapped in by the carbon dioxide layer. These trapped rays keep the Earth warmer tha bit would otherwise be

Question 31

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using indicator species to detect pollution?

Answer 31

Advantages: - reliable - good indicators of long term effects - easy to identify - cheap - has minimal impact on other organisms Disadvantages: - seasonal variations - May be killed is pollution is too high - May become diseased and die - may leave the area

Question 32

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using non- living methods to detect pollution?

Answer 32

Advantages: - can identify source of pollution - gives quantitive data which can be compared with other locations or time periods Disadvantage: - expensive as special equipment and chemicals needed - more people involved

Question 33

What is a sustainable resource?

Answer 33

A resource that can be used and replaced so it isn't exhausted

Question 34

What is the aim of sustainable development?

Answer 34

- providing for the needs of the population, without harming the environment

Question 35

What makes sustainable development challenging?

Answer 35

- When the population increases, so does the demand for resources. - sometimes the quickest and cheapest way to meet the demand isn't always the most sustainable

Question 36

What can challenge the survival of a species?

Answer 36

- climate change - destruction of habitat - hunting - increased competition - pollutants

Question 37

How can endangered species be protected?

Answer 37

- educating people - breeding in captivity - protecting habitats - creating artificial ecosystems - legally protecting - banning hunting

Question 38

What do conservation programmes work to do?

Answer 38

- protect human food supply by maintaining variation - stabilising ecosystems - studying plants for possible medical use - protecting the culture of indigenous people

Question 39

What are the main causes of whale deaths?

Answer 39

- being tangled in fishing nets and drowning - pollutants in the sea - colliding with ships - climate change on food sources - hunting and culling

Question 40

How is money made from whales?

Answer 40

- big tourist attraction | - used for food, oil and in cosmetics

Question 41

What do scientists still need to know about whales?

Answer 41

- how they communicate over large distances - how they migrate - how they dive and survive extreme depths