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Immunology > B Cells And Antibodies > Flashcards

B Cells And Antibodies Flashcards

1
Q

What is on the surface of B cells that binds to antigens?

A

Antibodies (are all the same on the same B cell)

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2
Q

Antibody structure

A

2 heavy and 2 light chains linked by a disulfide bond

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3
Q

5 types of antibodies

A 
IgG (gamma heavy chain)
IgM (mu hc)
IgE (epsilon hc)
IgA (Alpha hc)
IgD (delta hc)
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4
Q

2 types of light chains

A

Kappa and Lambda

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5
Q

What area of the antibody binds to antigens?

A

Variable region

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6
Q

Fragment Antigen binding

A

Need both the heavy and light chain to bind to the molecule

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7
Q

Fc Fragment of antibody

A

Fragment constant, binds to phagocytes, NK cells, and granulocytes with Fc Receptors

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8
Q

Which antibody has thee longest half life and is the major isotype in serum?

A

IgG

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9
Q

Functions of IgG

A 
Complement activation
Opsonization
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
Agglutination
Toxin/virus neutralization
Only class the crosses the placenta
Major during secondary immune response
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10
Q

What type of protection does IgG provide to newborn babies?

A

Passive protection for 5-6 months

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11
Q

What is the antibody produced during the initial infection?

A

IgM (begins to be produced around 6 months en utero)

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12
Q

Best agglutinator and complement activating antibody

A

IgM

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13
Q

Which antibody attacks foreign blood types?

A

IgM

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14
Q

What antibody is found in seromucous secretions?

A

IgA2

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15
Q

Secretory component

A

Provides protection to IgA, making 4 binding sites for anitgens

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16
Q

Which antibody responds to worms and is prominent in allergenic reactions?

A

IgE

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17
Q

What types of cells does IgE bind to?

A

Fc(episilon)R on basophils, mast cells, and eosinophils

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18
Q

What antibody triggers B cell differentiation?

A

IgD

19
Q

What is the largest antibody wand where is it usually found?

A

IgM and intravascular

20
Q

Which antibodies have a joining region?

A

IgA and IgM

21
Q

RAG genes code for what?

A

Kappa light chain

22
Q

Deficiency in functional RAG genes causes what disease?

A

SCID

23
Q

Junctional diversity

A

Imprecision in joining of VDJ gene segments leads to nucleotide additions/deletions, resulting in amino acid changes

24
Q

N-region diversity

A

terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase adds nucleotides not encoded in the DNA template

25
Q

What are the 2 fates of completed antibodies?

A

Cytoplasmic tail attachment to the B cell OR secreted

26
Q

Class switch

A

Areas where DNA can over loop on itself to switch which antibody is produced

27
Q

What enzyme is required for class switching?

A

AID enzyme. Activated when B cell receives T cell help

28
Q

Hyper-IgM syndrome

A

Deficient in CD40, CD40L or AID, so are stuck making IgM. Highly susceptible to cancers

29
Q

What mediates n-region diversity?

A

TdT

30
Q

Which antibody responds to worms and is prominent in allergenic reactions?

A

IgE

31
Q

What types of cells does IgE bind to?

A

Fc(episilon)R on basophils, mast cells, and eosinophils

32
Q

What antibody triggers B cell differentiation?

A

IgD

33
Q

What is the largest antibody wand where is it usually found?

A

IgM and intravascular

34
Q

Which antibodies have a joining region?

A

IgA and IgM

35
Q

RAG genes code for what?

A

Kappa light chain

36
Q

Deficiency in functional RAG genes causes what disease?

A

SCID

37
Q

Junctional diversity

A

Imprecision in joining of VDJ gene segments leads to nucleotide additions/deletions, resulting in amino acid changes

38
Q

N-region diversity

A

terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase adds nucleotides not encoded in the DNA template

39
Q

What are the 2 fates of completed antibodies?

A

Cytoplasmic tail attachment to the B cell OR secreted

40
Q

Class switch

A

Areas where DNA can over loop on itself to switch which antibody is produced

41
Q

What enzyme is required for class switching?

A

AID enzyme. Activated when B cell receives T cell help

42
Q

Hyper-IgM syndrome

A

Deficient in CD40, CD40L or AID, so are stuck making IgM. Highly susceptible to cancers

43
Q

What mediates n-region diversity?

A

TdT

Immunology (5 decks)

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