B Cells And Antibodies

Question 1

What is on the surface of B cells that binds to antigens?

Answer 1

Antibodies (are all the same on the same B cell)

Question 2

Antibody structure

Answer 2

2 heavy and 2 light chains linked by a disulfide bond

Question 3

5 types of antibodies

Answer 3

IgG (gamma heavy chain)
IgM (mu hc)
IgE (epsilon hc)
IgA (Alpha hc)
IgD (delta hc)

Question 4

2 types of light chains

Answer 4

Kappa and Lambda

Question 5

What area of the antibody binds to antigens?

Answer 5

Variable region

Question 6

Fragment Antigen binding

Answer 6

Need both the heavy and light chain to bind to the molecule

Question 7

Fc Fragment of antibody

Answer 7

Fragment constant, binds to phagocytes, NK cells, and granulocytes with Fc Receptors

Question 8

Which antibody has thee longest half life and is the major isotype in serum?

Answer 8

IgG

Question 9

Functions of IgG

Answer 9

Complement activation
Opsonization
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
Agglutination
Toxin/virus neutralization
Only class the crosses the placenta
Major during secondary immune response

Question 10

What type of protection does IgG provide to newborn babies?

Answer 10

Passive protection for 5-6 months

Question 11

What is the antibody produced during the initial infection?

Answer 11

IgM (begins to be produced around 6 months en utero)

Question 12

Best agglutinator and complement activating antibody

Answer 12

IgM

Question 13

Which antibody attacks foreign blood types?

Answer 13

IgM

Question 14

What antibody is found in seromucous secretions?

Answer 14

IgA2

Question 15

Secretory component

Answer 15

Provides protection to IgA, making 4 binding sites for anitgens

Question 16

Which antibody responds to worms and is prominent in allergenic reactions?

Answer 16

IgE

Question 17

What types of cells does IgE bind to?

Answer 17

Fc(episilon)R on basophils, mast cells, and eosinophils

Question 18

What antibody triggers B cell differentiation?

Answer 18

IgD

Question 19

What is the largest antibody wand where is it usually found?

Answer 19

IgM and intravascular

Question 20

Which antibodies have a joining region?

Answer 20

IgA and IgM

Question 21

RAG genes code for what?

Answer 21

Kappa light chain

Question 22

Deficiency in functional RAG genes causes what disease?

Answer 22

SCID

Question 23

Junctional diversity

Answer 23

Imprecision in joining of VDJ gene segments leads to nucleotide additions/deletions, resulting in amino acid changes

Question 24

N-region diversity

Answer 24

terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase adds nucleotides not encoded in the DNA template

Question 25

What are the 2 fates of completed antibodies?

Answer 25

Cytoplasmic tail attachment to the B cell OR secreted

Question 26

Class switch

Answer 26

Areas where DNA can over loop on itself to switch which antibody is produced

Question 27

What enzyme is required for class switching?

Answer 27

AID enzyme. Activated when B cell receives T cell help

Question 28

Hyper-IgM syndrome

Answer 28

Deficient in CD40, CD40L or AID, so are stuck making IgM. Highly susceptible to cancers

Question 29

What mediates n-region diversity?

Answer 29

TdT

Question 30

Which antibody responds to worms and is prominent in allergenic reactions?

Answer 30

IgE

Question 31

What types of cells does IgE bind to?

Answer 31

Fc(episilon)R on basophils, mast cells, and eosinophils

Question 32

What antibody triggers B cell differentiation?

Answer 32

IgD

Question 33

What is the largest antibody wand where is it usually found?

Answer 33

IgM and intravascular

Question 34

Which antibodies have a joining region?

Answer 34

IgA and IgM

Question 35

RAG genes code for what?

Answer 35

Kappa light chain

Question 36

Deficiency in functional RAG genes causes what disease?

Answer 36

SCID

Question 37

Junctional diversity

Answer 37

Imprecision in joining of VDJ gene segments leads to nucleotide additions/deletions, resulting in amino acid changes

Question 38

N-region diversity

Answer 38

terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase adds nucleotides not encoded in the DNA template

Question 39

What are the 2 fates of completed antibodies?

Answer 39

Cytoplasmic tail attachment to the B cell OR secreted

Question 40

Class switch

Answer 40

Areas where DNA can over loop on itself to switch which antibody is produced

Question 41

What enzyme is required for class switching?

Answer 41

AID enzyme. Activated when B cell receives T cell help

Question 42

Hyper-IgM syndrome

Answer 42

Deficient in CD40, CD40L or AID, so are stuck making IgM. Highly susceptible to cancers

Question 43

What mediates n-region diversity?

Answer 43

TdT