B MCAT, Misc, Deck 2

Question 1

Amino Acids with pos (+) charge R groups

Answer 1

Lysine
Arginine
Histidine

Question 2

Amino Acids with neg (-) charge R groups

Answer 2

Aspartate
Glutamate

Tyrosine and Cysteine also have ionizable R groups.

Question 3

Which amino acids are most likely to be phosphorylated?

Answer 3

The amino acids with a hydroxyl group on the side chain are most likely to be phosphorylated.
-Serine
-Threonine
-Tyrosine

Question 4

hyperopia

Answer 4

farsightedness.
Focal length is too long, and image forms behind the retina.

Since focal length is half the radius of curvature, LASIK decreases the radius of curvature of the cornea, allowing images to form on the retina.

Using a converging (convex) lens creates a virtual image at the person’s near point. Power is pos (+).

Question 5

myopia

Answer 5

nearsightedness.

Focal length is too short, and image forms in front of the retina.

Since focal length is half the radius of curvature, LASIK increases the radius of curvature of the cornea, allowing images to form on the retina.

A diverging (concave) lens forms a virtual image close. Power is neg (-).

Question 6

Key features of tertiary structure of a protein

Answer 6

Tertiary structures involve interaction between R groups of the amino acids, including ionic, covalent, and H bonds.

Question 7

Characteristics of Polar Solvents

Answer 7

Polar Solvents (vs Nonpolar):
-Stabilizing for polar molecules
-ability of a solvent to shield ions from each other
- Larger dielectric constant ε = stronger intermolecular forces as a BULK solvent

Question 8

Characteristics of Protic Solvents

Answer 8

Protic Solvents (vs. Aprotic):
-Potential for H-bonding
-Stabilizing for neg charge (anions)
-Look for H on highly EN atom (O or N)

Question 9

Characteristics of Electron-Donating Solvents

Answer 9

Electron-donating solvents (vs. non-electron-donating):
-Stabilizing for pos charge (cations)
- Look for e-rich lone pair

Question 10

in vitro vs. in vivo

Answer 10

in vitro = in a controlled environment like a petri dish.

in vivo = “within the living” (latin). In a person or other living organism.