B MCAT--Endocrine, Nervous Systems Flashcards
cerebellum
Part of brain affiliated with intricate muscle movements, posture and balance.
cerebrum
The cerebrum comprises gray matter (the cerebral cortex) and white matter at its center.
Functions as the motor cortex and regulates temperature.
occipital lobe
Part of cerebral cortex responsible for visual processing.
brainstem
Brain stem is responsible for basic vital life functions; breathing and cardio.
Includes medulla oblongata, which connects the brain to the spinal cord and is responsible for regulating breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure.
basal ganglia
smooth motor movements and posture.
(Parkinson’s disease is a result of damage to the basal ganglia)
frontal lobe
Part of cerebral cortex affiliated with personality changes.
hippocampus
Part of limbic system of brain responsible for formation and consolidation of memories.
prefrontal cortex
Prefrontal cortex is responsible for processing and displaying negative emotion; rational decision-making, reducing impulsive behaviors.
Covers the front of the frontal lobe in the brain’s cerebral cortex.
cerebellum
coordinates and regulates muscle activity–balance and posture
pons
Part of brain close to the stem.
Relays info and regulates arousal, sleep, autonomic functions.
medulla oblongata
Regulates critical autonomic functions of breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure.
Located at top of brainstorm. Connects the brainstorm to the brain.
Anterior cingulate cortex
region of brain involved in higher order cognition–impulse control and decision-making.
Located beneath cerebral cortex.
Path of sensory receptors
stimulus > receptor (sensory cell or nerve ending) > sensory ganglion > central nervous system
photoreceptors
Sensory receptors that detect light
hair cells
Sensory receptors that help with hearing–linear/rotational movement and acceleration.
Nociceptors
Sensory receptors that detect pain
Thermoreceptors
Sensory receptors that detect temperature
Osmoreceptors
Sensory receptors that detect osmolarity/salinity; the concentration of solutes of something.
Important in blood to sense correct volume of water and solutes–hydration.
Olfactory receptors
Sensory receptors that detect smell.
Taste receptors
Sensory receptors that detect taste.
Term for the Somatosensation of pain
nociception