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AQA GCSE Design and Technology > B. Papers and Boards > Flashcards

B. Papers and Boards Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

How is paper measured?

A

GSM (grams/square metre)

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2
Q

Layout paper

A

Properties: Medium opacity sheet with a smooth finish

Weight: 60-90 GSM

Uses: Sketch and design work

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3
Q

Tracing paper

A

Properties: Off white, low opacity sheet

Weight: 60-90 GSM

Uses: Copying, overlays and tracing drawings

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4
Q

Cartridge paper

A

Properties: Thick white paper with a textured surface

Weight: 120-150 GSM

Uses: Sketching. watercolours, ink drawings

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5
Q

Bleed proof paper

A

Properties: Thick coated paper that prevents inks from bleeding

Weight: 120-150 GSM

Uses: High quality illustrations with colour richness and vibrancy

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6
Q

Grid paper

A

Properties: White paper with a printed grid of squares, isometric lines or other patterns

Weight: 80-100 GSM

Uses: Scale models, scientific drawings, model making

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7
Q

Grid paper

A

Properties: White paper with a printed grid of squares, isometric lines or other patterns

Weight: 80-100 GSM

Uses: Scale models, scientific drawings, model making

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8
Q

What is card’s weight range?

A

200-350 GSM

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9
Q

Corrugated card

A

Properties: Two layers of lightweight card containing a fluted layer for strength. Fully degradable and recyclable

Uses: Packaging for impact protection

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10
Q

Foam core

A

Properties: An inner foam core with a paper face. Rigid and stiff

Uses: Model making, mounting artworks

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11
Q

Ink Jet

A

Properties: Treated card with smooth, bleed-proof printable surface

Uses: Printing photographs and artwork

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12
Q

Foil-lined board

A

Properties: Card coated with aluminium foil on one side. Foil retains heat, keeping the contents warm and creating a moisture barrier

Uses: Takeaway containers

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13
Q

Duplex board

A

Properties: Two layers of card bonded together, with a white external layer. Tough with a bright white appearance

Uses: Suitable for packaging. Used with a waxy coating for food and drink containers

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14
Q

Solid White board

A

Properties: High quality board, brilliant white smooth finish on both sides

Uses: Greetings cards, quality packaging and book covers

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15
Q

What is the paper making process?

A
  1. Source material
  2. Pulp
  3. Sizing
  4. Pulp to paper
  5. Calendering
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16
Q

Describe Step 1 of the paper making process

A
  1. Source material
  • Trees or grasses are cut and taken to a paper mill.
  • Timber is debarked and chipped
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17
Q

Describe Step 2 of the paper making process

A
  1. Pulp
  • Chips are added to a chemical solution and cooked to separate the cellulose fibres
  • The pulp is pounded and squeezed; chemicals are added to alter the opacity
  • The end liquid is then bleached or dyed to the desired colour
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18
Q

Describe Step 3 of the paper making process

A
  1. Sizing
  • Liquid pulp is mixed with additives to produce different types of paper finishes
  • This affects the absorbency of the product
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19
Q

Describe Step 4 of the paper making process

A
  1. Pulp to paper
  • Pulp is fed onto a mesh conveyor
  • It is passed through a series of rollers to remove excess water
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20
Q

Describe Step 5 of the paper making process

A
  1. Calendering
  • The paper passes through calender rollers which give the paper its final finish
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21
Q

Why are softwoods more eco-friendly for making paper pulp

A
  • Softwood trees grow more quickly and absorb more CO2 during their growth period
  • The output of paper pulp per hectare is higher over time
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22
Q

Properties of paper towels

A

Treated with resins to retain the towel’s structure when wet to prevent tearing and increase absorbency

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23
Q

Properties of baking parchment

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A

The pulp is passed through a bath of sulfuric acid to gelatinise the surface and make it stick

24
Q

Properties of white board

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A

Stiff board with a waxy coating or laminated with polyethylene makes it suitable as a container for take-away food

25
What are the three stock forms for paper?
Ply, rolls and sheets
26
What is ply?
Ply contains layered sheets, often in rolls
27
What are rolls?
Rolls for continuous run are used by the print industry for high volume printing, such as books or newspapers
28
What are sheets?
Sheet form is used for office and domestic use, digital printing and art supplies
29
What is the International Standards Organisation (ISO)?
The A series of paper is defined by the ISO 216 standard
30
What is Saddle Stich binding?
Used for think books or notebooks. Threads or staples bind the paper together. Fast and cheap method for mass production
31
What is Section Sewn binding?
Printed, folded sheets are sewn together to produce a high quality and secure form of binding. Commonly used in hardback books
32
What is Perfect binding?
Pages are folded and glued into the cover sheet to form a spine. Used for softcover books
33
What is a Comb/Spiral binding?
A binding machine punches multiple holes into a stack of paper. The comb or spiral is fed through the holes to hold the document together.
34
What is a Side binder?
Durable, plastic spine bars with slide over the edges of a stack of paper
35
What are Split Pin fasteners?
Placed into a punched hole. The brass legs are then separated and bent over to secure the paper together
36
What are Binder Clip fasteners?
Metal clip that holds sheets of paper together, keeping them intact. Handles can be folded flat for stacking or upright for hanging.
37
What are Staples?
A durable metal fastener that attach sheets of paper together
38
What is a paper clip?
Steel wire is bent into a loop to create two tongues which hold sheets of paper between them
39
What is a tamper proof sticker?
Labels that self-destruct when they are peeled. Useful for valuable packages
40
What is a Peel and seal envelope?
Peel off the strip to reveal the adhesive and seal the envelope shut
41
What is a wax seal?
A dot of melted wax seals the paper. The wax hardens quickly, forming a hard bond.
42
What is a gummed envelope?
A strip of water-soluble glue on the edge of envelope flap. It is activated by licking or moistening
43
What is screen printing used to do?
- To create bold prints for posters and artwork - Printing on fabrics and t-shirt design
44
Steps for screen printing
- A frame is covered with tight mesh - the screen - Chosen design is set onto the mesh with a light-reactive emulsion which hardens under bright light - Printing ink is poured over the screen and pressed through the mesh to create a print design on the paper or fabric below. - It can be used multiple times; suitable for batches
45
What materials can be used in flexography?
Plastics, cellophane and metallic film
46
What is flexography used for?
Flexible packaging, gift wrap, textiles, carrier bags and wallpaper
47
How does flexography work?
Uses rolls of substrate to print high quantities without interruption. Uses CMYK
48
What is gravure used for?
Postage stamps, catalogues, greeting cards and high-volume advertising
49
How does gravure printing work?
Gravure acid-etches an image on the surface of the metal printing surface. The etched areas (cells) hold the ink that is transferred to the printable surface
50
What is embossing used for?
- To add a high-quality finish to luxury card and paper products - Braille labelling on medicines
51
What is offset lithography used for?
High volume print runs such as books, magazines and newspapers
52
How does offset lithography work?
- Water rollers apply a water-based film to the non-image areas - Ink rollers transfer the ink onto the image areas - The inked image is transferred from the printing surface to a rubber blanket - The image is then transferred onto a flat printing surface.
53
What is a varnishing finish?
- Applies a clear coating to a printed surface - Usually used to prevent rubbing or scuffing
54
When is a varnishing finish used?
Magazines, postcards, playing cards
55
What is a UV varnishing finish?
A gloss or matt coating to pick out a feature, such as a logo on a business card. It is dried instantly under UV light, so no solvents enter the atmosphere
56
What is lamination?
A thin transparent plastic coating to the surface of printed material. It provides protection from grease, moisture and can be single or double sided.
57
Where is lamination used?
Paperback books, menus and maps

AQA GCSE Design and Technology (14 decks)

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