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Gcse Biology > B1 > Flashcards

B1 Flashcards

1
Q

Cells

A

Cab be either prokaryotic or eukaryotic

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2
Q

Eukariotic cells

A

Include all animal and plant cells. Contains nucleus

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3
Q

Prokaryotic cells

A

Smaller amd simpler compared to eukaryotic eg. Bacteria no nucleus

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4
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell

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5
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen. It contains enzymes that control these chemical reaction

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6
Q

Cell membrane

A

Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out

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7
Q

Ribosomes

A

Site of protein synthesis (where proteins are made)

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8
Q

Animal cells

A

Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria and ribosomes

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9
Q

Plant cells

A

Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes, cell wall, permanent vacuole, chloroplasts

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10
Q

Rigid cell wall

A

Made of cellulose. It supports the cell and strengthens it

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11
Q

Permanent vacuole

A

Contains cell sap

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12
Q

Chlorplasts

A

Where photosynthesis occurs, which makes food for plants. Contain chlorophyll which absorbs light needed for photosynthesis

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13
Q

Light microscopes

A

Use light and lenses to form an image of the specimen

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14
Q

Electron microscopes

A

Uses electrons instead of light to from an image. Higher magnification than light microscopes

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15
Q

Magnification formula

A

Magnification=image size/real size

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16
Q

Units

A

1km=1000m,1m=100cm,1cm=10mm,1mm=1000micrometres,1micrometre=1000nanometres

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17
Q

Preparing slide microscope

A

Clean slide, cut onion and seperate layer using tweezers, place the tissues into water on slide, add drop of iodine to stain, place cover on slip carefully lowering so no air bubbles

18
Q

Using microscope

A

Clip in slode, select lowest magnification lense, use coarse adjustment knob, look down eyepiece adjusting knob until rough image, adjust focus eith focus adjustment knob until get clear image of slide, if need swap to higher magnification lense

19
Q

Cell differentiation

A

When a cell changes to become specialised for certain jon

20
Q

Sperm cells- reproduction

A

To get male DNA to female DNA. Long tail and streamlined head to swin to egg and has lots of mitochondria for energy

21
Q

Nerve cells-rapid signalling

A

Carry electrical signals from one part of body to another. Long and have branched connections at their ends to connect to other nevre cells and form a network throughout the body

22
Q

Muscle cells for contraction

A

Function to contract quickly

23
Q

Root hair cells for absorbing water and minerals

A

Cells on surface of plant roots which grow out into hairs that stick out into the soil giving plant larger surface area for absorbing water and mineral ions from soil

24
Q

Phloem and xylem cells-transporting substances

A

Form phloem and xylem tubes

25
Q

Phloem tubes

A

Transport food

26
Q

Xylem tube

A

Transports water and mineral ions

27
Q

Diffusion

A

Spreading out of particles form an area of higher concentration to area of low concentration

28
Q

Conecntration gradient

A

Difference in concentration

29
Q

What speeds updiffusion rate

A

Bigger concentration gradient, higher temperature as particles will have more energy, larger surface area of the membrane

30
Q

Osmosis

A

The movements of water molecules across a parially permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration

31
Q

concentrated

A

Low concentration of water

32
Q

Dillute

A

High concentration of water

33
Q

Active transport

A

Substances absorbed against concentration gradient from lower to higher concentration

34
Q

Active transport in plants

A

Allow the plant to absorb minerals from very dillute solution against concentration gradient so they can grow.

35
Q

What is need for active transport

A

Energy from respiration

36
Q

Active transport in humans

A

When there is lower concentration of nutrients in gut than blood diffusion wont be able to transport the nutrients to the blood

37
Q

Surface area to volume ratio

A

As an organism gets bigger the surface area to volume ratio decreases increasing the difficulty to exchange material quick enough

38
Q

Exchnage surfaces are adapted to maxmium effectiveness

A

Large surface area so lots of substance can diffuse at once, thin membrane so short distance to diffuse

39
Q

Exchange surfaces in animals

A

Lots of blood vessels to get stuff into and out of blood quickly, often ventilated air moves in and out

40
Q

Mitochondira

A

Mitochondria the site of aerobic respiration, so they release energy for the cell

Gcse Biology (6 decks)

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