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Gcse Biology > B4 > Flashcards

B4 Flashcards

1
Q

Blood

A

Based on liquid called plasma made up of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets

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2
Q

Red blood cells

A

Pick up oxygen lungs and carry to cellswhere it is needed

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3
Q

Red blood cells adaptation

A

Bioconcave discs, packed with haemoglobin that binds to oxygen and they have no nucleus making more space for haemoglobin

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4
Q

White blood cells

A

Form part of body’s defence system against microorganisms

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5
Q

Platelets

A

Help bllod clot at site of wound stopping you bleeding ot death

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6
Q

Blood vessles

A

Arteries, veins and cappilaries

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7
Q

Arteries

A

Carry blood from heart to organs of your body

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8
Q

Veins

A

Carry blood form organs towards heart

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9
Q

Capillaries

A

Form tiny vessles lining arteries and veins

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10
Q

Structure of heart

A

Left ventricle, right ventricle, valves, right atrium, left atrium, pulmonary vein from lungs, pumonary artery to lungs, aorta to body and vena cava from body

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11
Q

Job of respiratory system

A

Gas exchange

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12
Q

Respiration

A

Release of energy from glucose to oxygen. Happens in every cell where as breathing only happens in lungs

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13
Q

Gas exchange system

A

Mouth and nose, bronchioles, bronchus, diaphragm, alveoli, lungs and trachea

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14
Q

How are lungs adapted to maxmise gas exchange

A

Made up of clusters of alveoli providing large surface area-makes diffusion of oxygen and co2 efficient
Alevoilc full of blood capileries which allow diffusion to take place over short distance.
Maintain steep concentration gradient both ways making gas exchnage rapid anf effective

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15
Q

Phloem

A

Living tissues that transport sugars by photosynthesis from leaves to rest of plant.(translocation)

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16
Q

Xylem

A

Transport tissue in plant that carries water and mineral ions from soil to stem and leaves

17
Q

Factors affecting transpiration

A

Temperature, number of leaves, air flow, humidity and light intensity

18
Q

Transpiration

A

Plants lose water vapour through stomata and water evaporates from cell and passes out of leaf through stomata diffusion

19
Q

Circulatory system

A

Right ventricle- pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs and takes in oxygen then blood returns to heart.
Left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood around other organs of body.

20
Q

How does heart contract to pump blood around body

A

heart’s valves-direction
four chmabers-pump blood around
Blood flows in via left and right atrium from vena cava and pulmonary vein. They contract pushing blood in ventricles. The ventricles contract forcing blood into pumonary artery and aorta out of heart

21
Q

Adaptations of arteries

A

Blood pumped in at high pressure so walls strong and elastic

22
Q

Adaptations of capillaries

A

Permeable walls so substances can diffuse in and out. Wall only one cell thick increasing rate of diffusion by decreasing distance over whenit occurs

23
Q

Adaptation of Veins

A

Blood at low pressure so dont need thick walls. Have valves to keep blood flow in right direction

24
Q

Adaptations of red blood cells

A

Bioconcave disc ehich gives large surface area for absorbing oxygen. No nucleus allowing more room to carry oxygen. Contain Red pigment called haemoglobim

25
Q

Haemoglobin

A

In lungs it binds to oxygen to become oxyhaemoglobin. In tissue opposite happens and oxygen and haemoglobin split to release oxygen to cells

26
Q

What are plants made up of

A

Prgans like stems, roots and leaves

27
Q

How are leaves adapted for effiecinet gas exchange

A

Stomata which let Co2 diffuse directly into leaf

28
Q

Stomata

A

Open and closes to allow gas exchange, take in Co2 and release oxygen and control water lost by transpiration

29
Q

How can we help the heart

A

Artificial pacemakers, artificial hearts

Gcse Biology (6 decks)

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