B1 Flashcards
What is Nature?
Biological factors that influence development (e.g. genetic inheritance)
What is Nurture?
The external influences on development (e.g. environmental or economic factors)
What is Maturation?
Characteristics and differences that aren’t present at birth but develop later in life
What was Gesell’s Maturation Theory?
He created the normative approach.
Observed large numbers of children to find the skills most had in certain age groups to establish ‘norms’ or milestones.
What did Gesell conclude?
Each child moves through the sequence at their own pace but the development is predetermined with little environmental influence. Delayed development is hereditary rather than from their environment.
What is a genotype?
What was Bandura’s Social Learning Theory?
The Bobo Doll study
Children treat the doll the same way they observe a role model treat it (aggressive or gentle) - learnt behaviour
Mediational Processes
What does ARRMS stand for?
Attention
Retention
Reproduction
Motivation
1) Attention
The child must notice the behaviour of the role model
2) Retention
The child must internalise the action and remember what they have observed
3) Reproduction
They may not imitate straight away but will reproduce when the opportunity occurs
4) Motivation
Depending on the outcome (punishment or reinforcement), they will repeat it or stop
What is the Diathesis-Stress Model
Individuals are born with genetic pre-disposition to mental illness (diathesis). They must experience stress in order to trigger the disorder though (e.g. abuse)
Examples of genetic factors
High/low levels of testosterone
High/low levels of dopamine
Extra Y chromosome
Brain abnormality
Disability
Examples of Social/Environmental factors
Abuse/violence
Bullying
Peer influence
Income
Bereavement
Culture
