B1 cell structure and transport

Question 1

How do you calculate total magnification

Answer 1

Eyepiece lens x objective lens

Question 2

Define the term resolution

Answer 2

Resolution is the ability to distinguish between two separate points in an image

Question 3

Define the word ‘magnification’

Answer 3

Magnification is how much bigger an image is compared to it’s actual size.

Question 4

What is the I
A
M
In the “I am” triangle

Answer 4

I=image size
A=Actual size
M=magnification

Question 5

What is the role of the nucleus in both cells

Answer 5

Contains DNA in the form of chromosomes. Contains the genetic code.

Question 6

What is the role of cytoplasm in both cell

Answer 6

This is where chemcial reactions take place

Question 7

What is the function of the cell membrane in both cells

Answer 7

Controls what enters and leaves the cells.

Question 8

What is the function of the mitochondria in both cells

Answer 8

This is the site of respiration.

Glucose + Oxyen –> Carbon dioxide + water vapour + ATP energy

Question 9

What is the function of the cellulose cell wall in plant cell

Answer 9

This is outer layer of plant cells. It is made of cellulose. It gives the plant strength and support.

Question 10

Why are ribosomes needed in both cell?

Answer 10

site of protein synthesis

Question 11

What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

Answer 11

Chloroplasts contain a green chemcial called chlorophyll. It traps sunlight energy which is needed for photosynthesis.

Question 12

What is the permanent vacuole in plants cells

Answer 12

filled with cell sap to help keep the cell turgid

Question 13

What is a Eukaryotic cell

Answer 13

They are the same as animal and plant. They all have cell membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material that is enclosed in a nucleus.

Question 14

What are Prokaryotes cell

Answer 14

Bacteria are single celled living organisms. They have cytoplasm and a cell membrane surrounded by the cell wall. The genetic material is not inclosed in a nucleus. The chromosome is a single DNA loop found free in the cytoplasm.

Question 15

What are Nerve cells specifed for in animals

Answer 15

To carry electrical impulses around the body

Rapid communication system between the different parts of the body

Question 16

What are the adaptations of a nerve cell in animals

Answer 16

Dendrites- to make connections to other nerve cell

An axon- carries the nerve impulse from one place to another

The nerve ending or synapses- to pass impulses to another cell or between a nerve cell and a muscle in the body using special transmitter chemicals.

Question 17

why are Muscle cells specified in animals

Answer 17

to contract and relax

muscle contract and relax in pairs to move the bone

Question 18

What are the adaptations of a Muscle cells in animals

Answer 18

contains special proteins- that slides over each other making the fibres contract

many mitochondria- to transfer energy needed for the chemical reaction that take place as the cell contract and relax.

store glycogen- a chemical that can be broken down and used in cellular respiration.

Question 19

why are sperm cells specified in animals

Answer 19

usually released a long way from the egg they are going to fertilise.

They contain the genetic information of the male parent.

Need to move through water or the female reproduction system to reach egg

then they need to break into the egg

Question 20

What are the adaptations of a sperm cells in animals

Answer 20

A long tail- whips from side to side to help move the sperm through water or the female reproduction system

middle section full of mitochondria- which transfers energy needed for the tail to work

the Acrosome- stores digestive enzymes to brake down the outer layer of the egg

large nucleus- contains the genetic information to be passed on

Question 21

why are root hair cells specified in plants

Answer 21

Plants need to take in loads of water and dissolved mineral. The root hair cell helped them to pick up the water and mineral ions more affectively

Question 22

What are the adaptations of root hair cells in plants

Answer 22

They greatly increase the surface area volume of water to move into the cell

They have a large permanent vacuole that speeds up the movement of water by osmosis from the soil across the root hair cell

They have many mitochondria that transfer the energy needed for the active transport of mineral ions into the route hair cell

Question 23

why are photosynthetic cells specified in plants

Answer 23

This is how plants can make their own food.

Question 24

What are the adaptations of photosynthetic cells in plants

Answer 24

They contain specialised green structures called chloroplasts containing chlorophyll that trap the light needed for photosynthesis

They are usually positioned in continuous layers in the leaves and outer layer of the stem of a plant could they absorb as much light as possible

Question 25

why are xylem cells specified in plants

Answer 25

Xylem is the transport tissue in plants at carvery water and mineral ions from the roots to the highest leaves and shoots This is also important in supporting the plant

Question 26

What are the adaptations of xylem cells in plants

Answer 26

Xylem cells are alive when they are first formed a special chemical called lignin builds up. The cells die and formed Longhollow tubes that allow water and mineral ions can move easily through them from one end of the other

Question 27

why are Phloem cells specified in plants

Answer 27

Phloem is the specialised transport tissue that carries the food made by photosynthesis around the body of the plant. It is made up of phloem cells that forms tube is like xylem cell But phloem cells do not become lignified and die The dissolved food can move up and down the phloem tube to where it is needed.

Question 28

What are the adaptations of phloem cells in plants

Answer 28

The cell walls between the cells breakdown to form special sieve plates. These allow water carrying dissolved food to move safely up and down the tube to where it is needed They are supported by companion cells that help to keep them alive. The mitochondria of the companion cell transfer the energy needed to move dissolved food up-and-down the plant

Question 29

What is diffusion?

Answer 29

the movement of substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. E.g. oxygen molecules diffuse from the lungs into the blood stream. This is a passive process which means that no energy is needed from the body

Question 30

What are the factors of Diffusion

Answer 30

Temperature If the temperature increases the particles have more kinetic energy therefore they will collide with each other more often. The rate of diffusion will increase Distance The shorter distance the particles have to move the quicker the rate of diffusion will happen. Concentration gradient The greater the difference in concentration between two regions the faster the rate of diffusion happens. Surface area The greater the surface area that the particles have to diffuse across the greater the rate of diffusion

Question 31

What is Osmosis?

Answer 31

the movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across a partially permeable membrane.

Question 32

Osmosis-What happens in the animal cell when there is a dilate solution?

Answer 32

Lysis- when there is too much water and it bursts

Question 33

Osmosis-What happens in the animal cell when there is a concentrated solution?

Answer 33

Crenated- when there is too little water

Question 34

Osmosis-What happens in the plant cell when there is a dilate solution?

Answer 34

Turgid- when there is too much water

Question 35

Osmosis- What happens in the plant cell when there is a concentrated solution?

Answer 35

Plasmolyse - when there is too little water

Question 36

What is active transport

Answer 36

the movement of substances from an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration. Against a concentration gradient, requires ATP energy and a carrier protein in the cell membrane.

Question 37

What is the size of prokaryotic cells compared to eukaryotic cell?

Answer 37

prokaryotic cells have extremely small cells while eukaryotic cell have larger cells

Question 38

What is the nucleus of prokaryotic cells compared to eukaryotic cell?

Answer 38

prokaryotic cells have no nucleus while eukaryotic cell have a nucleus

Question 39

What is the type of DNA of prokaryotic cells compared to eukaryotic cell?

Answer 39

prokaryotic cells, DNA is circular while eukaryotic cell, DNA is linear

Question 40

How many organelles do prokaryotic cells compared to eukaryotic cell?

Answer 40

prokaryotic cells have few organelles while eukaryotic cell have many organelles