B1 - Cell Structure and Transport Flashcards
Give a reason about how a red blood cell is specialised…
It lacks a nucleus to carry more protein called haemoglobin.
How is a sperm cell specialised?
The head has all of the DNA needed to fertilise the egg and has only 23 chromosomes in order to fuse with the egg. It is packed with mitochondria, which allows it to swim.
Muscle cells are specialised how?
They have special proteins that slide over each other to cause contraction. They also fuse together incredibly quickly when a fibre tears
What plants cells are specialised?
Root hair cells, phloem cell, and xylem cells
How is a root hair cell adapted?
It has a big area to get more water from the soil.
How is a xylem cell adapted?
There are no top and bottom walls between these cells so water is always going through them. The water pushes out, making the cell rigid.
How is the phloem cell adapted?
Amino acids and other substances can be passed down it.
What cells of organisms are Eukaryotes?
Animal cells, plant cells, and fungi cells
What cells of organisms are Prokaryotes?
Bacterial cells are Prokaryotes
How are Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes similar?
They both have a cell membrane and the majority also have a cell wall. They also have a cytoplasm and ribosomes
How are Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes different?
Eukaryotes are huge compared to prokaryotes. Eukaryotes also have mitochondria and they have a nucleus.
What is magnification?
Magnification is how large an object is under certain conditions
What is resolution?
Resolution is how clear an image is.
What is Diffusion?
Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, down a concentration gradient. The particles spread out until a state of equilibrium is reached.
What is osmosis?
Osmosis is the diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution across a partially-permeable membrane.
