B1 Cells

Question 1

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 1

Cells that possess a membrane bound nucleus that holds genetic material

Question 2

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 2

Cells that lack cell nucleus

Question 3

Average size of a Eukaryote

Answer 3

5um-100um

Question 4

Ave size of a prokaryotic celll

Answer 4

0.2um-2.0um

Question 5

How do eukaryotes divide

Answer 5

Mitosis

Question 6

Function of cell membrane

Answer 6

Permeable to some substances but not others to control what goes in and out of the cell

Question 7

Function of cytoplasm

Answer 7

Jelly like substance that contains dissolved nutrients, salts and structures called organelles. This is where many chemical reactions happen

Question 8

Mitochondria

Answer 8

Contains enzymes for respiration to take place

Question 9

Nucleus

Answer 9

Where genetic material is stored- controls cells activities

Question 10

Ribosome

Answer 10

Where protein synthesis occurs

Question 11

Cell wall

Answer 11

Strengthens and supports cell ( it can help a plant keep its shape)

Question 12

Permanent Vacuole

Answer 12

Contains cell sap to keep cell turgid

Question 13

Chloroplasts

Answer 13

Contain chlorophyll which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis

Question 14

Plasmid

Answer 14

Rings of DNA

Question 15

How do prokaryotes divide

Answer 15

Binary fission

Question 16

Vacuoles in animal cells

Answer 16

Temporary used to store and transport substances

Question 17

What are the contents of a plant cell

Answer 17

Cytoplasm, nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes, chloroplasts, cell wall, permanent vacuole.

Question 18

What do prokaryotic cells contain

Answer 18

Cytoplasm, ribosomes, no mitochondria or chloroplasts, DNA is a single molecule additonal DNA is found on plasmids

Question 19

What is the cell wall made off

Answer 19

Cellulose

Question 20

Sperm cell specialisations

Answer 20

Tail-swimming, midpiece containing mitochondria, haploid nucleus,acrosome containing enzymes so sperm can penetrate egg

Question 21

Define specialised

Answer 21

Adaptations which help them to carry out a particular function

Question 22

Define differentiation

Answer 22

When cells become specialised

Question 23

What specialisations does a nerve cell have

Answer 23

Dendrites to make connections with other neurons, long axon to carry impluses to target organ, myelin sheath insulates axon - increaes speed at which messages can travel, very long and thin

Question 24

What specialisations does a muscle cell have

Answer 24

Expand and contract

Question 25

How do plants absorb water from the soil

Answer 25

Osmosis

Question 26

How do plants absorb mineral ions from the soil

Answer 26

Active transport

Question 27

How is a root hair cell adapted for its function

Answer 27

Large SA | Lots of mitochondria

Question 28

What is translocation

Answer 28

Transports sugars through the plant

Question 29

What is lignin

Answer 29

Strenghtens the xylem tubes

Question 30

Transpiration stream

Answer 30

This is what is formed when water flows through the xylem continuously

Question 31

Which way does cell sap go through the phloem tube

Answer 31

Both directions

Question 32

What stage do animal cells differentiate

Answer 32

Early stage

Question 33

When do plant cells differentiate

Answer 33

Plant cells maintain the ability to differentiate through out their whole life

Question 34

Haploid

Answer 34

Nuclei only contain half the number of chromosomes that you find in a normal body cell

Question 35

Diploid

Answer 35

46 chromosomes

Question 36

Zygote

Answer 36

Diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes

Question 37

Where does medicine already use adult stem cells

Answer 37

Stem cells from bone marrow of a healthy person can replace faulty blood cells

Question 38

What is a risk of using stem cells in medicine

Answer 38

Stem cells grown in a lab could be contaminated by a virus

Question 39

Why are plant stem cells so useful

Answer 39

They can quick and easily create clones