B1 thiamine

Question 1

How are water soluble vitamins absorbed?

Answer 1

They are absorbed into the circulation via the small intestine.

Question 2

Where do water soluble vitamins travel freely?

Answer 2

They travel freely in water filled spaces.

Question 3

Which water soluble vitamin does not travel freely in water filled spaces?

Answer 3

Vitamin B12.

Question 4

What are water soluble vitamins characterized by in terms of storage in the body?

Answer 4

Limited storage and are excreted via the kidneys

Water soluble vitamins must be consumed regularly as they are not stored in large amounts.

Question 5

Is toxicity possible with water soluble vitamins?

Answer 5

Yes, toxicity is possible with some B vitamins

Although water soluble vitamins are generally less likely to cause toxicity than fat soluble vitamins, excessive intake of certain B vitamins can lead to adverse effects.

Question 6

How often does the body need water soluble vitamins?

Answer 6

Every 1-3 days

Regular intake is necessary due to their limited storage in the body.

Question 7

What are the sources of water soluble vitamins?

Answer 7

Food or supplements

These vitamins can be obtained through a balanced diet or in supplement form.

Question 8

Are water soluble vitamins stable during cooking and food preparation?

Answer 8

No, they are unstable and readily destroyed

Water soluble vitamins can be lost during cooking, food prep, storage, and transport.

Question 9

Which vitamins are used for energy production?

Answer 9

B5, B6, Folate, Biotin, B1, B2, B3, B12

These vitamins play crucial roles in the metabolic pathways that convert food into energy.

Question 10

What is the role of Folate and B12 in the body?

Answer 10

Haematopoiesis

Haematopoiesis is the process of forming new blood cells.

Question 11

Which vitamins are involved in gene expression?

Answer 11

B5, B6, B7 (Biotin), Folate

These vitamins contribute to the regulation of genes and the synthesis of nucleic acids.

Question 12

What are the primary sources of Thiamin?

Answer 12

Yeast, cereal grains, breads, nuts, meats, legumes

These sources provide the necessary Thiamin for the body.

Question 13

What is the role of Thiamin in the body?

Answer 13

Aids in energy production and is stored in skeletal muscles, brain, liver, heart, and kidneys
coenzyme for catabolism of branched chain amino acids

Thiamin is crucial for converting macronutrients into energy.

Question 14

What is the recommended dietary intake (RDI) of Thiamin for adults?

Answer 14

1.1 - 1.2 mg/d for teens and adults, 1.4 mg/day in pregnancy

RDI varies based on age and physiological conditions.

Question 15

What are the forms of Thiamin?

Answer 15

Free thiamin (plant sources), phosphorylated thiamin (animal sources), thiamin diphosphate (active form), thiamin hydrochloride, thiamin nitrate (supplements)

Different forms are utilized based on dietary source and supplementation.

Question 16

What are the effects of Thiamin pyrophosphate?

Answer 16

Reduces muscle fatigue and soreness, supports conversion of macronutrients into energy (ATP)

It is the active form that plays a key role in energy metabolism.

Question 17

What is the role of Thiamin in hormone production?

Answer 17

Supports the production of sex and adrenal hormones

This function highlights Thiamin’s importance in endocrine health.

Question 18

Which brain structures does Thiamin support?

Answer 18

Hypothalamus, thalamus, cerebellum, brainstem, mammillary body

Thiamin is essential for the proper function of these brain regions.

Question 19

How does Thiamin influence neurotransmitter function?

Answer 19

It is a cofactor that supports mood and relaxation via methylation cycle activity

This role is vital for mental health and emotional regulation.

Question 20

What factors increase the demand for Thiamin?

Answer 20

• Inadequate diet (low or no wholegrain, increased refined carbs)
• Severe malnutrition
• Food insecurity
• Pregnancy and lactation
• Dysbiosis
• Alcoholism
• Chronic illness
• Sepsis
• Burns and GI surgery
• Medication (e.g., antibiotics, chemo, diuretics, metformin)

These factors can lead to a higher need for Thiamin to maintain health.

Question 21

What is the severe deficiency requirement of Thiamin?

Answer 21

300 mg/day

This level indicates a critical need for Thiamin in cases of severe deficiency.

Question 22

What Thiamin intake is required for individuals with alcoholism?

Answer 22

50 mg/day

Alcoholism can significantly affect Thiamin absorption and utilization.

Question 23

What are the early signs of thiamine deficiency?

Answer 23

Decreased appetite, nausea, weakness, fatigue, irritation, sleep disturbances, and abed discomfort.

These symptoms indicate the initial impact of thiamine deficiency on the body.

Question 24

What are the later signs of thiamine deficiency?

Answer 24

Dry Beri Beri and Wet Beri Beri.

Dry Beri Beri is characterized by nerve damage, muscle weakness, and wasting; Wet Beri Beri involves cardiovascular and respiratory issues.

Question 25

What is Dry Beri Beri?

Answer 25

A condition caused by thiamine deficiency characterized by nerve damage, muscle weakness, and wasting. ## Footnote It primarily affects the nervous system and muscular strength.

Question 26

What complications are associated with Wet Beri Beri?

Answer 26

Cardiovascular and respiratory issues including CCF and oedema. ## Footnote CCF refers to congestive cardiac failure, highlighting the severe impacts on heart function.

Question 27

What is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

Answer 27

A syndrome induced by alcohol characterized by brain damage and several neurological symptoms. ## Footnote It is commonly associated with chronic alcohol abuse and thiamine deficiency.

Question 28

What are the symptoms of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

Answer 28

Brain damage, ataxia, leg tremors, nystagmus, confusion, vertigo, memory loss, weakness in limbs, and weight loss. ## Footnote These symptoms indicate significant neurological impairment.

Question 29

True or False: Nystagmus is a symptom associated with thiamine deficiency.

Answer 29

True. ## Footnote Nystagmus refers to involuntary eye movement and is one of the neurological symptoms of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.

Question 30

Fill in the blank: Symptoms of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome include _______.

Answer 30

brain damage, ataxia, leg tremors, nystagmus, confusion, vertigo, memory loss, weakness in limbs, and weight loss. ## Footnote This list encapsulates the diverse effects of the syndrome on the body.