B1.3 Respiration Flashcards
(12 cards)
What is aerobic respiration
- Your energy comes from chemical stores in the food you eat. To transfer this energy, glucose reacts with oxygen in a series of chemical reactions called aerobic respiration.
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration
Glucose + Oxygen ——> Carbon Dioxide + Water
State 3 main uses of ATP in the body
- To synthesise larger molecules from smaller ones.
- For movement.
- To stay warm.
State why respiration is an example of an exothermic reaction
During the process of respiration energy is transferred to the surroundings by heating.
Describe anaerobic respiration
- During exercise your muscles need to transfer more energy than normal when they contract.
- However, your heart rate cannot increase fast enough to provide enough oxygen for your body.
- So your body starts to transfer energy from its chemical store in glucose by anaerobic respiration. This series of chemical reactions does not require oxygen.
Where does aerobic respiration take place?
Aerobic respiration takes place in the mitochondria of a cell and is controlled by a specific enzyme
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?
Glucose —> Lactic acid
Why do you normally respire aerobically?
- Aerobic respiration produce more ATP molecules per glucose molecule than anaerobic respiration the the glucose molecule is fully broken down.
- Lactic acid from anaerobic respiration can cause cramps and pain.
- When you have finished exercising you keep on breathing heavily. The extra oxygen you inhale reacts with the lactic acid, breaking it down. The oxygen need for this process is called the oxygen debt.
What is fermentation and its word equation?
- Anaerobic respiration in microorganisms and plant cells produces ethanol and carbon dioxide instead of lactic acid. This is fermentation.
- Glucose —> ethanol + carbon dioxide
Starch polymer - enzyme that breaks it down?
- Starch is an example of a carbohydrate polymer. It is synthesised from glucose monomers. Plants often convert glucose into starch. Starch is a chemical energy store. Inside your body, carbohydrate enzymes break down carbohydrates. The enzyme that breaks down starch is amylase.
Protein polymer - what enzyme breaks it down?
- Proteins are polymers formed by amino acids. There are about twenty different amino acids. The order in which the amino acids are joined determines the protein that is synthesised. In your body, protease enzymes break down proteins into amino acids.
Lipid polymer - what enzyme breaks it down?
- Lipids are fats and oils that we eat. As well as being. A good store of energy, some animals use them for insulation and buoyancy. Lipids are synthesised from three fatty acid molecules and a glycerol molecule. In your body, lipase enzymes break down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol.
