B2 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the nucleus do

A

Controls the activities of the cell

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2
Q

What does the cytoplasm do

A

Where most chemical reactions take place

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3
Q

Function of the cell membrane

A

Control passage of substances in and out of the cell

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4
Q

Function of cell wall

A

Made of cellulose and strengthens the plant cell

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5
Q

Function of chloroplasts

A

Absorb light energy and where photosynthesis takes place

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6
Q

Function of permanent vacuole

A

Contains cell sap in plants

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7
Q

What is diffusion

A

Particles going from a high to low concentration

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8
Q

What do plant cells have that animal cells don’t

A

Vacuoles and chloroplasts and cell wall

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9
Q

Name three plant organs

A

Stems and roots and leaves

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10
Q

What does the xylem do

A

Transports water and mineral salts from the roots of the plant to stem and leaves

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11
Q

What is the role of the phloem

A

Transports sucrose and amino acids between leaves and other parts of the plant

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12
Q

Where are xylem and phloem located

A

Plant roots centre

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13
Q

Where is bile produced and stored

A

Produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder

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14
Q

Why is it important for cultures on agar plates to not be contaminated

A

Could result in growth in pathogens

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15
Q

Suggest 2 ways you could prevent contamination of a culture in agar

A

Sterilise Petri dish and store the plate upside down

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16
Q

Why is it important that plates with cultures are stored at a certain temp

A

Reduce chance of growing harmful pathogens

17
Q

What is used to test for protein

A

Biuret test

18
Q

What is used to test for reducing sugars

A

Benedicts test

19
Q

What is used to test for starch

A

Iodine test

20
Q

What are the steps for testing for proteins

A

Grind up food you want to test, put sample into beaker with distilled water, stir with glass rod, filter mixture through a funnel lined with filter paper. Transfer 2cm^3 of filtered solution into test tube add 2cm^3 of biuret solution, shake and then it should turn pink/purple

21
Q

How would you distinguish between two different glucose solutions

A

Add Benedictus solution to each test tube, then place them in water bath at 75•C and leave for 5mins. He should then look out for colour change and note which of a range of colours the solutions become

22
Q

Why is the human circularity system described as double circularity system

A

Consists of two circuits joined together

23
Q

How is heartbeat controlled

A

By a group of cells in right atrium wall that act as a pacemaker

24
Q

How could you treat a disease where you have an irregular heart beat

A

Get an artificial pacemaker

25
Q

How does an artificial pacemaker work

A

Produces an electric current to keep heart beating regularly

26
Q

How are arteries adapted

A

Thick cell wall to make them strong and elastic fibres to allow them to stretch and spring back

27
Q

How are white blood cells adapted

A
  • Some can change shape to engulf microorganisms (phagocytosis)
  • Others produce antibodies to fight microorganisms or antitoxins to neutralise any toxins produced by the microorganisms
28
Q

How are red blood cells adapted for their function

A

Have a biconcave disc shape to give a larger surface area for absorbing oxygen. They don’t have a nucleus allowing for more room to carry oxygen

29
Q

Describe the structure and function of platelets

A

Platelets are small fragments of cells with no nucleus they help the blood to clot at a wound

30
Q

How can a blockage in coronary artery cause damage to patients heart muscle

A

Limits blood flow to heart muscle leading to a lack of oxygen reaching it

31
Q

What can you use to treat blockages in the coronary artery

A

Stents

32
Q

How do statins prevent/slow the progression of coronary heart disease

A

Reduce amount of bad cholesterol present in bloodstream

33
Q

What is a way a valve may be faulty

A

Might not open fully

34
Q

Why may an artificial heart be used

A

To keep patient alive while waiting for a donor heart

35
Q

What is an advantage of using a natural donor heart over an artificial one

A

Blood flows smoother