DNA & Cell Division

Question 1

What is DNA

Answer 1

Carry genetic code that determines characteristics of a living organism

Question 2

What are genes

Answer 2

Section of DNA that codes for a specific protein and may be copied and passed onto the next generation

Question 3

What are chromosomes

Answer 3

Long threads of DNA, each made up of many genes

Question 4

What are alleles

Answer 4

Pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus of the body cell

Question 5

What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles

Answer 5

If there is a dominant allele present it will always be expressed whereas there has to be 2 recessive and no dominant to have a recessive allele show

Question 6

What does mitosis produce

Answer 6

Two genetically identical cells

Question 7

What are the 4 steps in mitosis

Answer 7

1. Chromosomes in nucleus are copied
2. Chromatids pulled apart and moved towards poles
3. Chromosomes separate
4. Cell divides

Question 8

What does meiosis produce

Answer 8

4 genetically different haploid cells

Question 9

What is the difference between haploid and diploid cells

Answer 9

• Haploid cells have one set of chromosomes, diploid cells have 2
• Diploid cells reproduce by mitosis, haploid cells are a result of meiosis

Question 10

What are haploid cells used for

Answer 10

Sexual reproduction, sperm and ova

Question 11

What are diploid cells used for

Answer 11

Skin, blood, muscle cells

Question 12

What are the 5 main steps of meiosis

Answer 12

1. Chromosomes make identical copies of themselves
2. Similar chromosomes pair up
3. Sections of DNA get swapped
4. Pairs of chromosomes divide
5. chromosomes divide