B2 cells and control Flashcards
(33 cards)
name the 3 stages of the cell cycle
- interphase
- mitosis
- cytokinesis
name 3 things which occur during interphase
1) DNA replicates
2) organelles grow
3) organelles replicate
what is mitosis?
a type of cell division
happens to all cells in body except sperm and egg cells
name the 4 stages of mitosis
- prophase
- metaphase
- anaphase
- telophase
name 2 things which occurs in prophase
- nuclear membrane disappears
- spindle fibres form
name 2 events which occur during metaphase
- chromosomes condense
- chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
name 2 events which occur during anaphase
- chromosomes are pulled apart
- chromosomes move to the poles of the cells
name 2 events which occur during telophase
- nuclear membrane reforms
- spindle fibres disappear
what does the cell have after telophase?
2 genetically identical nuclei (still only one cell)
what type of reproduction produces genetically identical organisms (clones) ?
asexual reproduction
what 3 things do we measure to monitor the growth of children from birth?
- length
- mass
- head circumference
define differentiation
when cells change from less specialised cells into more specialised cells
give two ways a red blood cell is adapted to its function
- no nucleus - more space for haemoglobin
- disc shape (bioncave) so has a large surface area
name the 3 stages of plant growth
- mitosis
- elongation (in stem)
- differentiation (e.g. leaf/shoot)
where does mitosis occur in plants?
roots and shoots
(in the MERISTEM TISSUE)
what are the 3 types of stem cell and where do you find each?
- plant stem cells - roots and shoots
- adult stem cells - bone marrow
- embryonic stem cells - 8 cell stage of the embryo
give an advantage and disadvantage of adult stem cells
a - won’t be rejected from the body
d - can only differentiate into some types of cell
give an advantage and disadvantage of embryonic stem cells
a - can differentiate into any type of cell
d - could be rejected from the body
define cancer
uncontrolled cell division caused by mutation
what makes up the CNS?
brain and spinal chord
describe the order of the reflex arc
SRSRME
- stimulus
- receptor
- sensory neuron
- relay neuron (CNS)
- motor neuron
- effector (muscle or gland)
how is a neuron adapted?
- myelin sheath for insulation
- long in length, to transmit impulses over long distances
what do you call a gap between two neurones?
a synapse
define the term haploid
contains one copy of each chromosome
