B2 - Cells, Tissues and Organs

Question 1

Give 2 functions of the nucleus.

Answer 1

• Controls the activities of the cell

* Carries genetic information as genes on chromosomes

Question 2

What happens within the cytoplasm?

Answer 2

Chemical reactions

Question 3

What is the cell wall made of?

Answer 3

Cellulose

Question 4

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 4

The mitochondria carry out respiration

Question 5

What are bacteria?

Answer 5

Bacteria are single-celled organisms that are typically much smaller than plant or animal cells.

Question 6

What is the definition of plasmids?

Answer 6

Extra loops of DNA

Question 7

What are the two ways in which yeast cells are able to respire?

Answer 7

• Carry out aerobic respiration when there is plenty of oxygen
• Anaerobic respiration when there is no oxygen

Question 8

What are specialised cells?

Answer 8

Cells that have adapted their structure to give them additional features that enable them to perform a certain function within the organism.

Question 9

Give an example of a specialised cell.

Answer 9

• Sperm cells:

• A long tail to swim to the egg
• More mitochondria to provide energy

Question 10

What is a tissue?

Answer 10

A tissue is a group of similar cells that work together for a specific function.

Question 11

What is an organ?

Answer 11

An organ is formed from several tissues working together for a particular function.

Question 12

What is an organ system?

Answer 12

A collection of organs that work together to perform an overall body function

Question 13

What are the 3 main organs of a plant?

Answer 13

• Roots
• Stems
• Leaves

Question 14

What is diffusion?

Answer 14

The net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Question 15

What are the factors that affect the rate of diffusion?

Answer 15

• Temperature
• Diffusion distance
• Surface area
• Concentration gradient

Question 16

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 16

They carry out protein synthesis.

Question 17

In which part of the cell is energy released during respiration?

Answer 17

The mitochondria

Question 18

What is cell differentiation?

Answer 18

When a cell becomes specialised due to cell growth.

Question 19

What does muscular tissue do?

Answer 19

Contract to bring about movement.

Question 20

What does glandular tissue do?

Answer 20

Glandular tissue produces substances e.g. enzymes, hormones

Question 21

What does epithelial tissue do?

Answer 21

Epithelial tissue covers some parts of the body.

Question 22

What does epidermal tissue do?

Answer 22

Epidermal tissue covers the plant.

Question 23

What can mesophyll do?

Answer 23

Mesophyll can photosynthesise.

Question 24

What can xylem and phloem do?

Answer 24

The can transport substances around the plant.

Question 25

When you eat food, what must be changed?

Answer 25

Good must be changed from insoluble molecules, into soluble molecules (digestive system)

Question 26

What does the digestive system consist of?

Answer 26

* GLANDS - pancreas, salivary glands which produce digestive juices * STOMACH AND SMALL INTESTINE - where digestion occurs * LIVER - produces bike * SMALL INTESTINE - absorption of soluble food occurs * LARGE INTESTINE - where water is absorbed from the undigested food, producing poo

Question 27

What tissue does the stomach have?

Answer 27

* EPITHELIAL TISSUE - to line the inside of the stomach * GLANDULAR TISSUE - to release digestive juices * MUSCULAR TISSUE - to churn food and digestive juices

Question 28

Give two reason why starch isn't digested in the stomach.

Answer 28

* Doesn't produce amylase | * Acidic pH destroys amylase made by the salivary glands

Question 29

Give two differences between a plant leaf and yeast cell.

Answer 29

Leaf cells have chloroplasts and a cellulose cell wall, yeast cells do not.

Question 30

When, and in which direction, will diffusion take place in solutions and in gases?

Answer 30

If two solutions are separated by a cell membrane: • Particles will move from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration. • Gases will also defuse through the air from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.