B2 - Enzymes Flashcards
(29 cards)
What are substrates (used in enzymatic reactions)?
Substrates are reagent molecules upon which enzymes act. Substrates bind to the active sites.
What are enzymes?
Enzymes are proteins that are catalysts of chemical reactions.
Why can it be said that the enzymatic action is highly specific?
The enzymatic action is highly specific because only specific substrates of one enzyme bind to the activation sote of the enzyme.
What happens more often between an enzyme and its substrate when the temperature increases?
Collisions occur more often between an enzyme and substrate when the temperature increases.
What is a denatured enzyme?
A denatured enzyme is an enzyme with an active site of the wrong shape.
What does not affect the initial rate of an enzyme controlled reaction?
An increase in the duration of the reaction does not affect the initial rate of an enzyme controlled reaction.
What enzymes’ actions cause of fall in the pH of the solution?
Protease and lipase enzymes actions cause a fall in the pH of the solution.
What type of cell contains the most mitochondria?
The sperm cell contains the most mitochondria because it needs more energy to swim.
What substances move into mitochondria during aerobic respiration?
Glucose and oxygen move into the mitochondria during aerobic respiration.
What happens in the rate of an enzyme controlled reaction overtime?
The rate of an enzyme controlled reaction overtime increases, levels off then decreases .
What happens to the rate of an enzyme controlled reaction if the number of enzymes used is doubled?
The reaction proceeds twice as quickly.
Amylase taken from the mouth does not work if placed in a solution of stomach juices, but will work in a solution of small intestine juices. Why is this?
The juices in your mouth have the same pH as small intestine juices.
An enzyme controlled reaction finished. What would happen if extra substrate is added after the reaction has finished?
The rate of reaction increases.
Biological washing powder is contain enzymes. This means the powder…
This allows washing to occur effectively at lower temperatures.
Where is amylase produced?
Amylase is produced in the small intestine and the mouth.
What are the monomers in proteins?
The monomers in proteins are amino acid.
What are protease enzymes produced by?
Protease enzymes are produced by the stomach, small intestine and pancreas.
Why are proteases used in some baby foods?
Proteases are using some baby foods to predigest the proteins.
Name one job of bile.
Bile neutralises the hydrochloric acid produced in the stomach.
What is the optimum temperature for an enzyme?
The temperature at which it’s activity is greatest.
What happens to enzymes at very high temperatures?
The enzymes become denatured.
Proteases are a type of enzyme. What type of food do they break down and what is the product of this?
Proteins -> amino acids
Lipases are a type of enzyme. What type of food does it break down and what is the product of this?
Lipids -> fatty acids + glycerol
Amalyses are a type of enzyme. What type of food does do they break down and what is the product of this?
Starch -> sugar
