B2. Ike's economy

Question 1

By 1960 how many families had a TV?

Answer 1

0.9

Question 2

What was the economic growth of the 1950s?

Answer 2

0.37

Question 3

By 1960 compared to the start of the 1950s, a typical American family had what % more purchasing power?

Answer 3

0.3

Question 4

By 1960, Americans owned nearly what % cars and what % telephones in the world.

Answer 4

50% and 50%.

Question 5

What happened to the % industrial workers in the workforce

Answer 5

Decreased from 39% to 36%

Question 6

By 1960 there were how many service workers

Answer 6

7.6 million

Question 7

By 1960, there were how many white collar workers?

Answer 7

21.2 million

Question 8

What happened to the US middle class under Ike?

Answer 8

Expanded

Question 9

How many cars were built in 1955 alone?

Answer 9

7.9 million

Question 10

Cars led to growth in what industries?

Answer 10

Service. Motels, fast food and out of town shopping malls

Question 11

What were the biggest US car companies most automobiles and where?

Answer 11

The big three: General Motors Ford and Chrysler, in Detroit.

Question 12

How did cars’ development impact the average person?

Answer 12

Cars became status symbol, cars easier to drive, a greater interest in amenities like fast food and driving theatres

Question 13

In the federal budget how much money was there for highway construction?

Answer 13

$26 billion.

Question 14

When and what was the 1st credit card?

Answer 14

1950

Question 15

What was the name of the firs credit card?

Answer 15

Diner’s Club. (only for restaurants)

Question 16

When was the American Express made?

Answer 16

1958

Question 17

How credit cards impact private debt?

Answer 17

Debt rose from $104.8 billion to $263.3 billion by 1960.

Question 18

Who was Stalin’s successor?

Answer 18

Khrushchev

Question 19

What did Life magazine call baby boomers in 1959?

Answer 19

The $10 billion power’

Question 20

How did Ike being a former general help him budgetarily?

Answer 20

He had ethos to reassure the US that they didn’t need to excessively increase the defense budget.

Question 21

How much money was spent annually on the military sector under Ike?

Answer 21

$40 billion

Question 22

How did Ike benefit from military decisions in Truman’s terms?

Answer 22

Truman had already created a strong military to heed the Kennan telegram.

Question 23

What is the name of the phenomenon where white Americans leave cities to go to the suburbs?

Answer 23

White flight

Question 24

Between 1948 to 1958, how many new homes were built?

Answer 24

13 million

Question 25

Between 1948 to 1958, how many new homes in suburbs were built?

Answer 25

11 million

Question 26

Name a typical suburb in Long Island, NY

Answer 26

Levittown

Question 27

How much did each Levittown home cost?

Answer 27

~ $8000

Question 28

How much more was the avg. family home vs the average family income

Answer 28

Only 2.5 times more

Question 29

What year did the GI bill end?

Answer 29

1954

Question 30

How much was spent over 10 years in the GI bill?

Answer 30

$20 billion

Question 31

In 1950, how much money was spent annually on ads?

Answer 31

$6 billion.

Question 32

In 1963, how much money was spent on ads?

Answer 32

$13 billion.

Question 33

How did Eisenhower use media/ads to his advantage?

Answer 33

In 1952, he created Eisenhower Answers with fireside chats, I Like Ike pins

Question 34

How were economically competitive countries doing during Ike’s terms?

Answer 34

Taking a long time to recover from the war (so US the major supply of manufactured goods worldwide)

Question 35

What two WW2 economic programs started paying out under Ike

Answer 35

War bonds, GI Bill (also paid out prior)

Question 36

How did Ike's dynamic conservatism impact taxes and public spending?

Answer 36

Lower taxes and increased public spending.

Question 37

What impact did Eisenhower's obsession advancing the federal budget have on inflation?

Answer 37

Kept it low.

Question 38

Name the 14 factors in Eisenhower's economic amazingness during his terms

Answer 38

Cars, credit cards, luck, baby boom, cheap oil, defence, military, construction, service sector, GI Bill, media/ads, competitors, war bonds, dynamic conservatism.

Question 39

What impact did automation of manufacturing farming have?

Answer 39

It increased the service sector.

Question 40

When, what and where was the 1st climate controlled shopping mall?

Answer 40

1956, Southdale Centre, Minnesota

Question 41

Where and when was the 1st Disneyland?

Answer 41

Anaheim, California in 1955

Question 42

What form of entertainment did cinema start competing for

Answer 42

Live sport, music, and television

Question 43

Name five famous artists of the Beat Generation.

Answer 43

Jackson Pollock (artist), Jack Kerouac (writer), Bob Dylan, (musician), James Dean and Marlon Brando (actors)

Question 44

What did those artists provide for teens

Answer 44

Alternate to the homogeneity and conformity of Ike’s consumer society

Question 45

What book did Lewis Mumford write and publish in 1961

Answer 45

The City in History

Question 46

Give a quote from The City in History

Answer 46

‘conforming in every outward and inward respect to the common mold’

Question 47

Name some name 2 big TV shows in the 1950s.

Answer 47

I love Lucy, Father knows Best.

Question 48

Name the 1950s musical icon

Answer 48

Elvis Presley

Question 49

Who was the businessman that  identified the McDonald brothers’ potential

Answer 49

Ray Kroc

Question 50

How much money did Ray Kroc buy out the McDonalds for

Answer 50

$2.7 million

Question 51

Who wrote The Other America

Answer 51

Michael Harrington

Question 52

What fraction of Americans did Harrington identify still living in poverty

Answer 52

¼, Invisible and ignored by politicians

Question 53

Name a pitfall of America of Eisenhower's economy that JFK exploited in his election strategy

Answer 53

3 recessions

Question 54

What and when was the lowest % of avg. unemployment under Ike?

Answer 54

4.5% in 1957.

Question 55

What was average inflation in Ike’s terms

Answer 55

0.028999999999999998

Question 56

What years did Ike have budget surpluses?

Answer 56

1956, 1957 and 1960

Question 57

How did Ike balance budgets?

Answer 57

Scaled back on aspects of the new deal, e.g. dramatically reduced federal subsidies for the Tennesse Valley Authority

Question 58

To who did Ike allow money from oil drilling rights to go?

Answer 58

State governments

Question 59

Who is this popular with? What area southern states that had coastlines on the Oil Ridge Gulf of Mexico

Question 60

How much did govt. spending rise in Ike’s term

Answer 60

0.11

Question 61

Give a quote from A Chance for Peace

Answer 61

‘every gun that is made in the final sense, a theft from those who hunger and are not fed’

Question 62

How did Eisenhower's America impact women?

Answer 62

Many felt trapped in suffocating suburban world, expected to fulfil the right the role of a housewife after losing their war jobs

Question 63

What was this environment described as in 1960s feminine mystique

Answer 63

‘ A comfortable concentration camp’

Question 64

Why didn't Republicans like the soil bank?

Answer 64

They weren't comfortable with federal interference.

Question 65

What did the soil bank prove?

Answer 65

Republicans had learned from the depression

Question 66

What happened to teens in Ike’s America?

Answer 66

Gained freedoms and opportunities with part time work, (disposable income for films, music and clothes)

Question 67

Name two of the wealthiest families in America in this time the

Answer 67

Gettys and the Rockefellers.

Question 68

How did this how did Ike’s America help the rich?

Answer 68

Investment opportunities in growth industries.

Question 69

What phrase described the conformity of Ike’s America

Answer 69

The bland leading the bland.

Question 70

Early 1960s, what % unemployed Americans were black

Answer 70

0.46

Question 71

What did the 1965 Moynian report find?

Answer 71

1/3 black people had an income under $5000 a year

Question 72

What sociologist criticized consumerism as ‘undermining traditional American values like hard work and careful money management?

Answer 72

David Reisman

Question 73

Who wrote The Hidden Persuaders? (about how adverse psychologically manipulated customers)

Answer 73

Vance Packard

Question 74

Give an example of dodgy advertising tactics

Answer 74

Cinemas flashed images of Coca-Cola too fast to be seen consciously yet sufficiently to remind movie goes to buy it at intervals

Question 75

What institution was used to prevent African Americans from being able to join the suburbs?

Answer 75

Covenants

Question 76

What Supreme Court decision outlawed covenants?

Answer 76

1947 Shelley versus Kramer

Question 77

What impact did Ike’s America have on the elderly?

Answer 77

Increasingly isolated (families moved out of towns and into nuclear family units)

Question 78

What impact did Ike’s America have on ethnic minorities?

Answer 78

Often the first workers to be fired in the event of a downturn (e.g. caused by industrialization)

Question 79

What did white flight cause in the areas that they had left?

Answer 79

A decline in health/ education services, a reduction in work availability & quality housing AKA, the ghettoization of inner city areas.