B2 MSK

Question 1

Dislocation of AC joint

Answer 1

shoulder separation
direct blow to shoulder
acromion more prominent, clavicle can go superior
most severe when AC & coracoclavicular ligaments torn

Question 2

Calcific scapulohumeral bursistis

Answer 2

calcium deposits in tendon
repeat ooverhead activity
inflammation of subacromial bursa

Question 3

shoulder dislocate

Answer 3

anterior most common
abduct, ext rotate, ext arm
can damage axillary nerve
assoc with labrum tear, fracture glenoid fossa/humeral head

Question 4

labrum tears

Answer 4

SLAP
anterosuperior part of labrum typically
overhead athlete & manual labors
deep pain @ night/rest
pop/lock

Question 5

frozen shoulder

Answer 5

inflammatory stiff, pain, loss passive ROM
idiopathhic
loss ROM start with external rotation
high spontaneous recovery rate 1.5-2.5 years

Question 6

intratendinous bursa

Answer 6

tendon of triceps brachii

Question 7

subtendinous bursa

Answer 7

olecranon & triceps tendon

Question 8

subcutaneous bursa

Answer 8

over olecranon

Question 9

Avulsion fracture medial epicondyle

Answer 9

tendon/ligament pull away bone
young baseball pitchers
fall with severe abduction & ext elbow
UCL tear fragment of epicondyle

Question 10

Tommy John reconstruction

Answer 10

autologous harvest of palmaris longus or plantaris tendon
tunnel ulna & humerus
thread graft through tunnels
secure graft with suture/screw

Question 11

elbow dislocate

Answer 11

posterior dislocate when kids fall on hand with lbow flex
distal end of humerous driven anterior part of joint as radius/ulna posterior
injury to ulnar N
fracture of radius head, coronoid process, olecranon process

Question 12

Nursemaid elbow

Answer 12

transient sublux radial head
upper limb jerk up with forearm pronated
can tear attachment of annular ligamentm (can be impinged under head & capitulum
extend elbow, supinate forearm, flex with gentle radial pressure

Question 13

scaphoid fracture

Answer 13

most frequent carpal fracture
fall on palm with abduction
misdiagnose severe sprain wrist
can lead to necrosis

Question 14

Skier thumb

Answer 14

UCL injury of thumb
hyperabduction of MP of thumb
partial/full rupture/laxity of UCL of 1 MP
can be avulsion fracture too

Question 15

Monteggia fracture

Answer 15

proximal third of ulna
anterior dislocation of radius

Question 16

Galeazzi fracture

Answer 16

distal third of radius
subllux ulna

Question 17

Colles fracture

Answer 17

fracture & posterior displace distal radius

Question 18

Pronator syndrome

Answer 18

nerve entrapment of median
trauma, muscular hypertrophy from repetitive pronatioin, fibrous band
pain proximal anterior forearm, parathesia palmar of lateral 3.5 digit

Question 19

cubital tunnerl syndrome

Answer 19

ulnar nerve entrap compression
arch is FCU tendon

Question 20

antrior interosseous syndrome

Answer 20

thenar muscles not affected
paresis of FDP * FPL
can’t make OK as nno flex IP thumb or DIP of index

Question 21

Dupuytren contract

Answer 21

palmar fascia pulled by 4th and 5th finger into partial flex @ MP/PIP
nodular thickenings
bilateral

Question 22

Ulnar carnal syndrome

Answer 22

compression, inflammation, trauma, vascular insufficency by pisiform/hook hammate arch
ulnar nerve divisions
ganglionic cyst can cause
hypothesia in medial 1.5 digit
paresis
clawing 4/5 digits

Question 23

tennis elbow

Answer 23

lateral epicondylitis
inflame of extensor tendons from repeat move
pain with activity, stiff, ache, weakness

Question 24

mallet/baseball finger

Answer 24

sudden severe tension long extensor, caan avulse
DIP extreme flexionpa

Question 25

patellar tendon reflex

Answer 25

knee jerk integrity of femoral nerve monosynaptic reflex where general somatic afferent fiber of muscle spinle in quad send impulse to spinal cord General somatic efferent fibers sund impulse bacl to quad

Question 26

gracilis in reconstructive surgery

Answer 26

weak aductor that can be transplanted facial reanmiation, damaged hand muscles, anal incontinence, perineal/vaginal repair

Question 27

groin pull/strain

Answer 27

strain/stretch/tear proximal attach of thigh adductor & flexors sudden/fprceful overertion

Question 28

Deep Venous Thrombosis

Answer 28

blood clot in large vein typically legg from incompetent loose fascia so no resistance to muscle expansion,e xternal pressure, muscular inactivity D dimer blood test & dopple US compressive stockingf

Question 29

femoral hernia

Answer 29

protrusion ab viscera through femoral ring into canal tender mass in femoral triangle common in female after multiple preggos strangulation of intestine due to rigid boundaries (lack blood and necrosis can occur)

Question 30

Sciatica

Answer 30

Irritate or compress one or more spine roots Spinal stenosis, spondetheliosis, piriformis syndrome, tumor, obesity Pain in low back and radiate down, increase when raising leg while laying down

Question 31

Intramuscular injection

Answer 31

injection in superolateral quadrant are safe superior to line from PSIS to superior ggreater trochanter also be given safe in anterolateral thigh where needle go in glute med Can injure nerve, hematoma, abscess formation

Question 32

Trochanteric Bursitis

Answer 32

repeat actions with climb, stairs with heavy separate superieor glute max from greater trochancter deep diffuse pain along IT from tubercle to tibia with point tenderness over great trochanter

Question 33

Ischial bursitis

Answer 33

repeat hip extension while seat (row, cycle) separate inferioir glute max from ischial tuberosity local pain over ischial tuberosity with glute max move calcification can occur in bursa

Question 34

Trendelenburg sign

Answer 34

injury to superior gluteal nerve, cause glute medius limp (also be trochanter fractuer & hip dislocate) compensate for weak thigh abduct by glute med/min tip down to unaffected side

Question 35

Piriformis sybdrome

Answer 35

deep pain in buttocks worsen with sit, stairs, squats Flexion, Adduction, Internal Rotation (FAIR test)

Question 36

Shin Splints

Answer 36

repeat microtrauma of anterior tibialis muscle pain on shine with mild swell common in those with change to activity treat with ice, rest, shoes

Question 37

Foot drop

Answer 37

damage to deep filbular nerve paralyze muscles ant/lat compartment leg can't heel strike high steps loss senssation anterolateral/dorsal foot

Question 38

Dorsalis Pedis artery pulse

Answer 38

evaluate peripheral vasculature will be diminshed if insufficient due to arterial disease occlusion: 5 P (pain, pallor, parasthesia, poikilothermia, pulse deficit) could be congential bilateral where replace by perforating fibular

Question 39

Ectopic pregnancy

Answer 39

implant zygote outsice uterus (peritoneal cavity or fallobian tube) non-viable but can cause abdominal bleed to mom

Question 40

anencephaly

Answer 40

failure brain to develop face and skull develop normal

Question 41

spina bifida cystica

Answer 41

defect of vertebral canal where no arches on vertebraes allowing cyst to form either with meninges only or spinal cord in cyst too

Question 42

spina bifida occulata

Answer 42

defect of vertebral canal where no arches on vertebrase remain normla position and seem hidden from outside may be marked b y patch of hair

Question 43

meningeocelle

Answer 43

defect close skull only meninges herniate

Question 44

meningoencephalocele

Answer 44

defect close skkulll meninges & brain tissue herniate

Question 45

meningohydroencephhalocele

Answer 45

defect close skull meninges, ventricle, brain tissue herniate

Question 46

Spondylothoracic & spondylocostal dystosias

Answer 46

defect throughout spine cleft vertebrae, hemi vertebrae (fail fuse each side)

Question 47

cervical dysostosis

Answer 47

fused cervical vertebrae

Question 48

algalille syndrome

Answer 48

butterfly vertebrae @ midline cleft

Question 49

congentital scoliosis

Answer 49

dystosis that causes scoliosis only

Question 50

Cleft sternum

Answer 50

failure fuse all midline so thoracic organ cover only by skin

Question 51

pectus excavatum

Answer 51

depressed sternum

Question 52

pectus carinatum

Answer 52

anteruor sternum

Question 53

osteogenesis imperfexta

Answer 53

widespread skeltal issues with insufficient ossification failure close ribs, form long bones, cranial defect

Question 54

Hox gene & digits

Answer 54

digit 1 Shh independent digit 2 Paracrine Shh signal digit 3 autocrine/paracrine signal digit 4, 5 autocrine Shh signal

Question 55

Duplication defect

Answer 55

possible caused by ecotopic Shh expression pattern

Question 56

Syndactyly

Answer 56

homogenous hox gene mutatiion in wrist/hand

Question 57

amelia

Answer 57

lack of formation of long bones in limbs from chemical teratogens

Question 58

Triceps Surae involved in injuries

Answer 58

gastrocnemius 2 heads & soleus involved in calf strains contribute to achilles tendinopathy (high force output/frequent use)

Question 59

Calcaneal tendinosis

Answer 59

chronic, degenerative pain and thickening of tendon from repeat microtrauma and inadequate healing

Question 60

calcaneal tendinitis

Answer 60

acute, inflammatory of tendon from sudden increase in activity or trauma to tendon

Question 61

Ruptured calcaneal tendon

Answer 61

sudden forced plantarflexion, direct trauma, long-standing tendinopathy popping or snapping sensation

Question 62

calcaneal tendon reflex

Answer 62

ankle jerk testing S1 &2 nerve roots leg dangling in relax postion should see brief plantarflex absence/reduction indicate s1 nerve root compression/peripheral neuropathy hyperactive indicate upper motor neuron lesions

Question 63

posterior tibial pulse

Answer 63

behind and below medial malleolous strength ca vary and absence can ididcate arterial insufficiecy

Question 64

calf muscle pump

Answer 64

contract calf help venous return to heart in contraction deep veins are cmopressed, push blood against gravity crucial to prevent DVT

Question 65

plantarflex mechanism

Answer 65

push off/propel movement triceps surae are mainn plantarflexors plantaris, tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum llongus are secondary plantarflexors

Question 66

ankle sprain

Answer 66

most often sudden inversion and planttarflexion of foot peroneal muscles help prevent excess inversion & if weak can predispose sprains strong tibialis posterior help stabilize the most