B2 Organization

Question 1

Order these: Cell, organ system, organism. Tissue, organ.

Answer 1

cell
Tissue
organ
organ system
organism

Question 2

What indicator do you use when testing for sugar?

Answer 2

Benedict’s solution

Question 3

What indicator do you use when testing for starch?

Answer 3

iodine

Question 4

What indicator do you use when testing for lipids?

Answer 4

sudan III

Question 5

What indicator do you use when testing for protein?

Answer 5

biuret

Question 6

What is the independent variable in the Amylase RP

Answer 6

The independent variable in the investigation
Is the ph of the buffer solution.

Question 7

What is the dependent variable in the Amylase RP

Answer 7

The dependent variable in the investigation is the time
taken for the reaction to complete

Question 8

What is the purpose of the digestive system?

Answer 8

The purpose of the digestive system is to break down large molecules into smaller,
soluble molecules, which are then absorbed into the bloodstream. The rate of these
reactions is increased by enzymes.

Question 9

What is a catalyst?

Answer 9

catalyst; enzymes speed up
chemical reactions without
being changed or used up.
This happens because the enzyme lowers the activation energy

Question 10

Where is Bile produced?

Answer 10

Bile is produced in the liver.

Question 11

What is bile, and what does it do?

Answer 11

It is an alkaline substance which neutralises.

Question 12

What is the smallest? Veins, capillaries and arteries.

Answer 12

Veins

Question 13

What is the biggest? Veins, capillaries and arteries.

Answer 13

arteries

Question 14

The respiration equation is …..

Answer 14

glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + [energy]

Question 15

Where do arteries direct the flow of blood?

Answer 15

Away from the heart

Question 16

Where do veins direct the flow of blood?

Answer 16

Towards the heart

Question 17

Is the pressure in the artery high or low?

Answer 17

High

Question 18

Is the pressure in the veins high or low?

Answer 18

Low

Question 19

Why do we have artificial pacemakers?

Answer 19

Artificial pacemakers can be surgically implanted into a person if their
The heart nodes are not functioning correctly.

Question 20

What is coronary heart disease?

Answer 20

Coronary heart disease is a condition resulting from blockages in the
coronary arteries.

Question 21

Symptoms of coronary heart disease

Answer 21

The main symptoms can include chest pain, heart attack or heart failure.

Question 22

Factors that can increase the risk of coronary heart disease

Answer 22

Drugs, smoking, diet and stress

Question 23

What are three cells in blood?

Answer 23

Red and white blood cells and Plasma

Question 24

What does plasma do?

Answer 24

The plasma transports the different blood cells
around the body, as well as carbon dioxide,
nutrients, urea, and hormones. It also distributes
the heat throughout the body.

Question 25

What do red blood cells do?

Answer 25

Red blood cells transport oxygen.

Question 26

What do white blood cells do?

Answer 26

White blood cells form part of the immune system and ingest pathogens and produce antibodies.

Question 27

What are Platelets?

Answer 27

Platelets are important blood clotting factors.

Question 28

Why does blood only travel in one direction?

Answer 28

The blood only flows in one direction. This is because there There are valves in the heart which close under pressure and prevent the backwards flow of blood.

Question 29

Explain the difference between a Benign Tumour and a Malignant Tumour

Answer 29

A malignant tumour is - cancerous * Usually grows rapidly. * Can spread around the body, via the bloodstream. * Cells can break away and cause secondary tumours to grow in other areas of the body (metastasis). A benign Tumour is * Usually grows slowly. * Usually grows within a membrane and can be easily removed. * Does not usually grow back. * Does not spread around the body. * It can cause damage to organs and be life-threatening.

Question 30

What is the role of leaves?

Answer 30

Leaves are plant organs, and their main function is to absorb sunlight energy for use in photosynthesis.

Question 31

What is chlorophyll?

Answer 31

Within the cells are small organelles called chloroplasts, which contain a green pigment called chlorophyll. This part of the plant absorbs the sunlight and is where photosynthesis occurs.

Question 32

What is the photosynthesis equation?

Answer 32

carbon dioxide + water oxygen + glucose

Question 33

Name three adaptations of leaves.

Answer 33

- large surface area - thin shape - xylem - phloem - air spaces - stomata

Question 34

Name four parts of the leaf.

Answer 34

waxy cuticle upper epidermis spongy mesophyll guard cells palisade layer xylem lower epidermis stomata

Question 35

Adaptation of the root hair cell

Answer 35

- Finger-like projection in the membrane increases the surface area - The narrow shape of the projection can squeeze into a small spaces between soil particles, bringing it closer and reducing The distance of the diffusion pathway. - The cell has many mitochondria, which release the energy required for the active transport of some substances.

Question 36

What is Xylem?

Answer 36

Xylem vessels transport water through The plant, from roots to leaves. They are made up of dead, lignified cells,

Question 37

What is phleom

Answer 37

Phloem vessels transport food such as dissolved sugars and glucose from photosynthesis.

Question 38

What is described as a group of cells with similar structure and function?

Answer 38

Tissue

Question 39

What is described as a group of tissues working together to perform a specific function?

Answer 39

Organ

Question 40

What is described as a group of organs working together to perform a specific function?

Answer 40

Organ system

Question 41

Name three enzymes that are produced in the pancreas

Answer 41

Protease, lipase, amylase

Question 42

What substance neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fat during digestion?

Answer 42

Bile

Question 43

What enzyme is released with the saliva to break down carbohydrates?

Answer 43

Amylase

Question 44

Where are nutrients absorbed into the bloodstream?

Answer 44

Small intestine

Question 45

How are alveoli adapted for gas exchange?

Answer 45

Large surface area, good blood supply, thin moist walls and large diffusion gradient

Question 46

State the four components of blood

Answer 46

Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma

Question 47

What feature do veins have to stop the backflow of blood?

Answer 47

Valves

Question 48

Which blood vessel carries blood into the heart from the body?

Answer 48

Vena cava

Question 49

Which blood vessel takes blood from the heart to the lungs?

Answer 49

Pulmonary veins

Question 50

Where are pacemaker cells found?

Answer 50

Right atrium

Question 51

Give two risk factors of CHD

Answer 51

Smoking