B2.1 - Cells & Simple Cell Transport Flashcards
(24 cards)
What EXTRA parts do plants cells have?
a CELL WALL
a PERMANENT VACULOE
CHLOROPLASTS
What does a NUCLEUS do?
Contains GENETIC MATERIAL, which controls the activities of the cell
What does the CYTOPLASM do?
Most chemical processes take place here, controlled by enzymes
What does the CELL MEMBRANE do?
Controls the passage of substances into ⬅️ and out ➡️ of the cell
What do the MITOCHONDRIA do?
Most energy is RELEASED by RESPIRATION here
What do the RIBOSOMES do?
Protein synthesis occurs here
What does the CELL WALL do?
Strengthens the cell. It is made of cellulose
What do the CHLOROPLASTS do?
Contain CHLOROPHYLL - absorbs light energy☀️ for photosynthesis
What does a PERMANENT VACUOLE do?
Filled with cell sapto help keep cell TURGID (enlarged and swollen with water)
What is BACTERIUM?
A single-celled organism
How is the structure of a bacterial cell different to that of an animal or plant cell?
Although it has CYTOPLASM and a MEMBRANE, surrounded by a CELL WALL, the GENETIC MATERIAL is NOT in a distinct nucleus.
What is YEAST?
A single-called organism
What is the structure of a yeast cell like?
It has CYTOPLASM, a MEMBRANE surrounded by a CELL WALL and a NUCLEUS
What are examples of SPECIALISED CELLS?
leaf cell
root hair cell
sperm cell
red blood cell
What is the FUNCTION and ADAPTATIONS of a LEAF cell?
FUNCTION…
Absorbs light energyfor photosynthesis.
ADAPTATIONS…
Packed with chloroplasts
Regular shaped, closely packed cells form continuous layer for efficient absorption of sunlight☀️
What is the FUNCTION and ADAPTATIONS of a ROOT HAIR cell?
FUNCTION…
Absorbs waterand mineral ions from soil.
ADAPTATIONS…
Long ‘finger-like’ protrusion with very thin wall - gives large surface area
What is the FUNCTION and ADAPTATIONS of a SPERM CELL?
FUNCTION…
Fertilises egg cell - female gamete
ADAPTATIONS…
Head contains genetic information and an enzyme to help penetrate egg cell membrane
Middle section packed with mitochondria for energy
Tail moves sperm to egg
What is the FUNCTION and ADAPTATIONS of RED BLOOD❤️ cells?
FUNCTION…
Contain haemoglobin to carry oxygen to the cells.
ADAPTATIONS…
Thin outer membrane to let oxygen diffuse through easily.
Shape increases surface area to allow more oxygen to be absorbed efficiently.
No nucleus, so whole cell full of haemoglobin
How do dissolved substances pass through the cell membrane?
DIFFUSION
What is DIFFUSION?
The S P R E A D I N G of particles of a gas or any substance in solution, resulting in NET MOVEMENT from region of HIGHconcentration to a region of LOWERconcentration.
What INCREASES the rate of diffusion?
A greater difference in concentration.
What must there be for particles to move from a high to low concentration?
A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
What happens to oxygen in the lungs in terms of diffusion?
Blood❤️ will continue to take in oxygen from the alveolar air spaces provided the concentration of oxygen is GREATER there than in the blood❤️.
Oxygen diffuses across the alveolar walls into➡️ the blood❤️ and the circulation takes the oxygen-rich blood away.
What do animal cells and plant cells BOTH have?
a NUCLEUS CYTOPLASM a CELL MEMBRANE MITOCHONDRIA RIBOSOMES
