B2.5 - Simple Inheritance Flashcards by Gemmy Affy

How are chromosomes arranged in body cells?

Chromosomes are found as pairs.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why do new cells need identical genetic information?

So the new cells can do the same the job.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why do cells divide?

To allow growth and the replacement of old and damaged cells.

http://adf.ly/1a6xOc

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is an allele?

Different forms of the same gene.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How does mitosis take place?

A cell produces copies of the chromosomes.

- The cell divides to form two genetically identical cells.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why is cell division restricted in adults?

Most adult cells differentiation has already occurred.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a stem cell?

Unspecialised cells.

http://adf.ly/1a6xOc

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How do plant cells differentiate?

Cells don’t differentiate until in their final position.
Differentiation isn’t permanent.
The cell can become a different cell easily.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is meiosis?

Cell division where the chromosome number is halved.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why is it easy to clone plants?

In the right conditions, a plant cell will become unspecialised.
The cells undergo mitosis.
The cells differentiate to form a new plant.

http://adf.ly/1a6xOc

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does meiosis produce?

Gametes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the stages of meiosis?

The chromosomes are copied.
The cell divides in two then immediately divide again.
Four sex cells are produced with a single set of chromosomes.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why is there variation from meiosis?

Each gamete has different genetic information. When the gametes fuse, variation is caused by the alleles.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Give an example of how stem cells can be used to treat illness.

Nerve cells can be injected into the spine to partially cure paralysis.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are stem cells?

Unspecialised cells

http://adf.ly/1a6xOc

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Give three issues with using stem cells.

Embryonic stem cells come from aborted embryos.
Embryonic stem cells might cause cancer.
Making stem cells is difficult and expensive.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How did Mendel first discover inheritance?

He conducted breeding experiments with peas.

How could therapeutic cloning be used in healthcare?

A patient’s stem cells could be used to grow a genetically identical organ that could replaced a damaged organ.

http://adf.ly/1a6xOc

What are strands of DNA made of?

Four different chemical bases grouped in threes which each code for an amino acid.

What are DNA fingerprints?

Identifying unique patterns of DNA.

What does a gene do chemically?

Codes for a combination of amino acids.

http://adf.ly/1a6xOc

How is sex determined in humans?

The sex chromosomes determine.
XX is female
XY is male

What is a dominant allele?

An allele that controls development of a characteristic when there is only one.

What is a recessive allele?

An allele that only controls a characteristic if present in both chromosomes.

What is homozygous?

An individual with two identical alleles for a characteristic.

What is a genotype?

The genetic makeup of an individual regarding a particular characteristic.

What is heterozygous?

An individual with different alleles for a characteristic. http://adf.ly/1a6xOc

Why is a phenotype?

The physical appearance of an individual regarding a particular characteristic.

What is polydactyly?

Extra fingers or toes

What is a genetic disorder?

Diseases that are the result of a problem in the genes that are passed on from parent to child. http://adf.ly/1a6xOc

What causes polydactyly?

A dominant allele

What is cystic fibrosis?

An inherited condition when organs become clogged by thick mucus.

What are the chances of getting polydactyly?

- A parent with polydactyly and heterozygous gives 50% chance of the baby inheriting the disease. - A parent with polydactyly and homozygous gives 100% chance. http://adf.ly/1a6xOc

What is cystic fibrosis caused by?

A recessive allele.

What is a carrier?

A person not affected by the disease by has the allele for the condition.

What is the relationship of parent's alleles with the child's phenotype?

The inheritance is random.

What does a genetic diagram show?

- the alleles for a characteristic carried by the parents. - the possible gametes that could be formed. - how the genotype could affect the phenotype of the offspring. http://adf.ly/1a6xOc

Give five arguments in favour of embryonic stem cells being used in medicine.

- Stem cells offer the best chance of finding treatment. - The embryos would be thrown away anyway. - Embryos are created from adult cells so wouldn't become babies. - It may be possible to use the umbilical cord so no embryos are destroyed. - Stem cells could be used to grow new tissues.

Give four arguments against the use of embryonic stem cells in medicine.

- treatments are experimental so may cause further problems. - all embryos have the potential to become babies. - embryos cannot give permission to be used in experiments. - money and research could be spent developing drugs.

What is mitosis?

Cell division into two identical daughter cells.

Give three advantages of genetic screening.

- people can decide whether or not to have any children. - parents can decide whether to keep a baby with a disease. - the parents can be sure the embryo is healthy before being implanted in the mother. http://adf.ly/1a6xOc

Since you've been using these flashcards for free, please consider making a small donation for the hundreds of hours it took to make them.

http://bit.ly/21T6H3W | Thank you and good luck!