B3 - Transporting Materials Flashcards by Gemmy Affy

What are the three parts of the blood circulation system?

Blood vessels (pipes)
The heart (pump)
Blood (liquid)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What do each of the two circulations of blood do?

Carry blood from the heart to the lungs and back.

- Carry blood around the rest of the body.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why is a double circulation system efficient?

More areas of the blood can receive oxygenated blood quickly.

http://adf.ly/1a6xOc

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What carries blood away from the heart?

Arteries

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What returns blood to the heart?

Veins

http://adf.ly/1a6xOc

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What supplies the heart muscles with oxygen?

Coronary arteries

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How many chambers does the heart have?

Four

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the two types of chamber in the heart?

Atria and ventricles

http://adf.ly/1a6xOc

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the vena cava?

The vein that brings deoxygenated blood to the heart.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What part of the heart does the vena cava link to?

Right atrium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the pulmonary vein?

The vein that brings oxygenated blood from the lungs.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How is blood moved from the atria to the ventricles?

The atria contract which forces blood down.

http://adf.ly/1a6xOc

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How is blood stopped from going back into the atria?

The atrioventricular valves close when the ventricles contract.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the two atrioventricular valves?

Tricuspid on the right.

- Bicuspid on the left.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How is blood stopped from re-entering the ventricles?

Semi-lunar valves close.

http://adf.ly/1a6xOc

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the aorta?

An artery which takes blood around the body.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why is the muscular heart wall thicker on the left?

So it can pump at a higher pressure allowing the blood to go around the body.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are capillaries for?

They enable substances to diffuse easily into and out of cells.

http://adf.ly/1a6xOc

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe the structure of an artery.

Thick walls
Thick layer of muscle and elastic fibres.
Small lumen.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe the structure of a vein.

Thin walls
Valves inside.
Large lumen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe the structure of a capillary.

Walls a single cell thick.
Narrow lumen.

http://adf.ly/1a6xOc

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What happens to the blood pressure as it flows through capillaries?

It slows.

Why does the blood pressure change when passing through capillaries?

To allow for exchange of materials.

What happens to coronary arteries with age?

They can become narrow.
They get narrower as fatty deposits form.

http://adf.ly/1a6xOc

What is a stent?

-A metal mesh which is placed in an artery.

How is a stent inserted?

- The stent and balloon are pushed up an artery. - The balloon is inflated with the stent. - The balloon is removed so the blood can flow freely.

What is bypass surgery?

Narrow or blocked arteries are replaced with bits of vein from other parts of the body. http://adf.ly/1a6xOc

Give two advantages of mechanical heart valves.

- They are long lasting. | - They are very effective.

Give a disadvantage of mechanical heart valves.

-The patient has to take anticoagulant drugs for the rest of their life.

Give an advantage of biological heart valves.

-The patient doesn't need to take medicine.

Give a disadvantage of biological heart valves.

- They only last 15 years. | http: //adf.ly/1a6xOc

What is blood made up of?

- Plasma - Red blood cells - White blood cells - Platelets

Give five examples of what the blood carries.

- Oxygen to the cells. - Carbon dioxide to the lungs. - Urea to the kidneys. - Products of digestion to organs. - Platelets to wounds that need clotting.

Give three ways in which red blood cells are adapted to carry oxygen around the body.

- They are biconcave giving them a larger surface area. - They contain haemoglobin to carry oxygen. - They have no nucleus to allow more space for haemoglobin.

What is haemoglobin?

A red pigment that can carry oxygen. http://adf.ly/1a6xOc

How does haemoglobin carry oxygen?

- Haemoglobin and oxygen react to form oxyhaemoglobin. | - They then reseparate later.

How do platelets help with clotting?

- They produce protein threads. - The threads capture reed blood cells and platelets to form a jelly-like clot. - the clot dries to form a scab.

Why is plasma used in emergencies to replace blood?

- It maintains blood pressure. - Plasma can carry some oxygen. http://adf.ly/1a6xOc

Why is saline used in emergencies to replace blood?

-It maintains blood pressure.

What are perfluorocarbons?

A more sophisticated form of artificial blood. http://adf.ly/1a6xOc

Give four advantages of using PFCs.

- They are very non-reactive. - Oxygen dissolve readily. - PFCs can carry oxygen to swollen tissues. - They can be kept a long time without carrying disease.

Give four disadvantages of using PFCs.

- They are difficult to get into the blood because they don't dissolve in water. - They don't carry as much oxygen as blood. - PFCs break down easily. - They cause sever side effects.

Give two ways haemoglobin can be made artificially.

- Synthetic production. - Genetically engineered bacteria. http://adf.ly/1a6xOc

How long does artificial blood last?

20-30 hours

What are the three main problems of artificial blood?

- It is broken down very quickly. - It doesn't clot. - It doesn't fight disease.

Give three advantages of artificial hearts.

- There is no wait for a donor. - There is no need to match tissue. - There is no need for immunosuppresant drugs.

Give four disadvantages of artificial hearts.

- The machinery takes up a lot of space. - They can cause problems with blood clotting. - Patients often have to stay in hospital. - They are expensive to install. http://adf.ly/1a6xOc

What substances are transported in a plant?

- Water - Mineral ions - Dissolved sugars

What do phloem do in a plant?

-Transport sugar from the leaves to the rest of the plant.

Where are sugars transported to in a plant?

- Growing areas - Storage organs http://adf.ly/1a6xOc

How do greenflies and other aphids kill plants?

- They stick their sharp mouth parts into the plants to feed on the sugar. - Too many aphids at once uses all of the plant's food.

What do xylem do in a plant?

- Transports water and mineral ions around the plant. | http: //adf.ly/1a6xOc

In a tree, where are the phloem and xylem found?

- The phloem is just beneath the bark. | - The xylem makes up the bulk of the wood.

Since you've been using these flashcards for free, please consider making a small donation for the hundreds of hours it took to make them.

http://bit.ly/21T6H3W | Thank you and good luck!