B3-088 Fungal Infections Flashcards
(119 cards)
1
Q
cell wall membrane of fungi contains
A
ergosterol
2
Q
single celled fungi
A
yeast
3
Q
multicellular hyphae
A
mold
4
Q
tube like outgrowth that is the beginning of a hypha
A
germ-tube
5
Q
[yeast] chain of cells produced when buds fail to disassociated
sausage like
A
pseudohyphae
6
Q
[yeast and mold] long, branching filamentous-like structure that fungi use for vegetative growth
A
hypha
7
Q
[yeast] fungal spores produced by segmentation/breakup of hyphae
barrel shaped or rectangular
A
arthroconidia
8
Q
[mold] mat or mass of hyphae
A
mycelium
9
Q
[mold] sac like structure
A
sporangium
10
Q
[mold] produced sexually of asexually within sporangium
A
spores
11
Q
[mold] stalk bearing sporangium
A
sporangiophore
12
Q
[mold] asexual; not enclosed in sac
A
conidium
13
Q
[mold] specialized hyphal stalk on which condida are formed
A
condidiophore
14
Q
[mold] enlarged, thick walled, contains stored food
A
chlamydoconidium
15
Q
containing no pigment
A
hyaline
16
Q
containing a dark melanin pigment
A
dematiaceous
17
Q
fungus with the ability to obtain nutrients from keratin and infect skin
A
dermatophyte
18
Q
having two distinct forms; temperature dependent changes
A
dimorphic
19
Q
microsporum
trichophyton
epidermophyton
are what type of fungi?
A
dermatophytes
20
Q
dermatophytes cause
A
ringworm
21
Q
nail infection caused by any fungus
A
onychomycosis
22
Q
dermatophytes commonly infect [group of people]
A
athletes
gyms, locker rooms
23
Q
are dermatophytes highly contagious?
A
yes
24
Q
ring appearance on skin
A
dermatophyte
25
discolored, thick, or crumbling nails
dermatophyte
26
may impact skin pigmentation
dermatophyte
27
diagnosis is primarily based on appearance of the skin
dermatophyte
28
dissolves the keratin material so the fungi can be seen better
KOH
29
Wood's light can be used to help diagnose
tinea capitis
30
organisms rhizopus, mucor, rhizomucor cause
mucormycosis
31
found in bread molds
mucormycosis
32
mucormycosis is transmiteed via
inhalation of spores
33
major risk factor for mucomycosis
DKA
**also immunosuppressed and IV drug users
34
mucormycosis has a __________ mortality
very high
35
infects pulmonary, rhinocerebral, and cutaneous areas
mucormycosis
36
mucormycosis is diagnosed via
culture/direct exam
37
the hyphae of mucormycosis have a ________ angle
wide
**sketchy tire irons
38
mucomycosis colonies are __________
wooly
39
aspergillus fumigatas causes
most cases of invasive disease
40
aspergillus niger causes
aspergilloma
41
aspergillus flavus causes
disease in leukemic patients
42
used to ferment rice and produce sake
aspergillosis
43
transmission of aspergillosis
inhalation; traumatic implantation
44
neutropenia, corticosteroids, and cytotoxic drugs are risk factors for
aspergillosis
45
the hyphae of aspergillosis have an _________ angle
acute angle
**differentiating from mucormycosis
46
type I hypersensitivity reaction caused by aspergillosis
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
47
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is seen in what patient population?
CF and asthma
48
lung tissue is destroyed, cavities form that can lead to fungus balls
chronic pulmonary aspergillosis
49
chronic pulmonary aspergillosis is seen in what patient populations
immunocompromised w/
TB, sarcoidosis, bronchiectasis, emphysema
50
systemic aspergillosis occurs in
severely immunocompromised persons
51
galactomanna detection
aspergillosis
52
normal flora of skin in GI tract, GU tract, oropharyngeal tract
candidiasis
53
infections are endogenous in origin, caused by a breakdown in mucosal membrane
candidiasis
54
neutropenia
AIDS
abdominal surgery
prolonged antibiotics
immunosuppressants
IV catheters
long ICU stays
parental nutrition
risk factors for
candidiasis
55
culture shows white with rapid growth and "feet"
candidiasis
56
C. albicans produces a _______ within 2-3 hours of incubation
germ tube
57
C. glabrata rapidly produces _______
trehalose (RAT test)
58
common cause of "itis"s
candidiasis
59
identified via germ tube test or RAT test
candidiasis
60
transmission cryptococcosis
inhalation
61
dissemination to blood, CNS, bone marrow, skin, bone
cryptococcosis
62
HIV
lymphoproliferative malignancies
sarcoidosis
DM
transplant
corticosteroids
risk factors for
cryptococcosis
63
thick capsule that leaves a halo appearance with India Ink test
cryptococcosis
64
number one cause of fungal menigitis
cryptococcosis
65
cryptococcosis is diagnosed via
lateral flow/latex agglutination
66
causes focal pneumonitis, leading to acute respiratory failure
cryptococcosis
67
pneumocystis is transmitted via
inhalation
68
AIDS defining illness
pneumocystis jiroveci
69
pneumocystis lacks ______ in cell wall
ergosterol
**not susceptible to amphotericin B
70
causes interstitial pneumonia; alveoli filled with foamy exudate; impairs gas exchange
pneumocystis
71
calcofluor white stain cysts
pneumocystis
72
non-budding, clusters w/ intracystic bodies (double-comma)
pneumocystis
73
crushed ping pong balls on GMS
pneumocystis
74
foamy exudate on H&E
pneumocystis
75
blastomyces
histoplasma
coccidioides
paracoccidioides
talaromyces
sporothix
are all
dimorphic
76
dimorphic organism are generally ______ in environmental temperatures and _____ at body temperature
mold; yeast
77
dimorphs are transmitted via
inhalation of conidia [mold]
78
Ohio and Mississippi River Valley and SE
blastomycosis
79
moist soil, decomposing leaf/wood, lakes, ponds
blastomycosis
80
clinical symptoms can include:
asymptomatic
ARDS
cutaneous lesions
CNS, bone
blastomycosis
81
broad based budding, thick walled, refractile
blastomycosis yeast form
82
septate hyphae, conidiophore+condida=lollipop
blastomycosis mold form
83
Ohio and Mississippi river Valley and midwest
histoplasmosis
84
bat guano, bird droppings
histoplasmosis
85
histoplasmosis is transmitted via
inhalation of microconidia, spread via the lymphatic system
86
clinical presentation:
asymptomatic
acute/chronic pulmonary infection
disseminates to CNS, skin, GI
reactivation possible
histoplasmosis
87
narrow budding
histoplasmosis yeast form
88
tuberculate macroconidia+round microcondidia
histoplasmosis mold form
89
San Joaquin valley
SW US
coccidioides
90
occurs during the dry season, disappears in wet months
coccidioides
91
coccidioides transmission
inhalation of spores
92
barrel shaped arthroconidia are produced
coccidioides
93
coccidioides is dimorphic, but takes a ___________ form in humans
spherule (filled with endospores)
94
Valley Fever pneumonia
coccidioides
95
mexico, central/south america
but cases have also been seen in every state in the US
sporothrix
96
found in soil, decaying vegetation, rose buses, thorns, sphagum moss
sporothrix
97
transmission sporothrix
aerosolization or traumatic implantation
98
elongated, cigar shaped
sporothrix yeast form
99
clusters on conidia [rosette] at conidiophore
sporothrix mold form
100
rose gardner's disease
sporothrix
101
lesion forms after inoculation, then ulcerates
sporothrix
then spreads via lymphatics
102
may mimic TB in pulmonary symptoms
sporothrix
103
disseminated sporothix causes
systemic symptoms, meningitis
104
central/south America (except Chili)
Brazil, venezuela, columbia, ecuador, argentina
paracoccidioides
105
transmission paracoccidioides
inhalation of conidia
106
being a male in agricultural work is a risk factor for
paracoccidioides
107
causes ulcerative mucocutaneous lesions
paracoccidioides
108
slowly progressive >30 years
paracoccidioides
109
lymphadenopathy, CNS, adrenal gland involvement
paracoccidioides
110
septate, branched chlamydospores
paracoccidioides mold form
111
mariner's wheel
paracoccidioides yeast form
112
southeast asia, china, eastern india
talaromycosis
113
associated with bamboo rat
talaromycosis
114
talaromycosis transmission
inhalation of conidia
115
dissemination of blood, bone marrow, organs
talaromycosis
116
AIDS defining illness
talaromycosis
117
clinical features:
skin lesions
multiple organ involvement
respiratory failure
circulatory collapse
talaromycosis
118
diffusible red pigment, paint-brush like morphology
talaromycosis mold form
119
fission, central septum
talaromycosis yeast form
