B.3 Nervous, endocrine, Blood sugar levels

Question 1

Explain how the nervous system deals with a hot rod touching a finger?

Answer 1

Pain/ stimulus is detected by receptors, electrical impulses are sent along sensory neurone to relay neurone (inside CNS) which coordanates a response and sends impulses to the motor neurone which causes an effector to produce a response

Question 2

What do sensory and relay neurones do? two different things

Answer 2

Sensory - carries electrical impulses from receptor cells to CNS
Relay - Carries electrical impulses from sensory to motor

Question 3

What does the motor neurone do?

Answer 3

carries electrical impulses from CNA to effectors

Question 4

What is a reflex action?

Answer 4

An automatic, involuntary reaction

Question 5

What are hormones?

Answer 5

Chemical messengers sent in blood

Question 6

Where are hormones made?

Answer 6

Endocrine glands

Question 7

What is homeostasis?

Answer 7

Keeping the condition in your body constant

Question 8

Where is thyroxine produced?

Answer 8

Thyroid gland

Question 9

Where is adrenaline produced?

Answer 9

Adrenal gland

Question 10

Where is insulin produced?

Answer 10

Pancreas

Question 11

Where are oestrogen and progesterone produced?

Answer 11

Ovaries

Question 12

Where is testosterone produced?

Answer 12

Testes

Question 13

Compare nerves and hormones speed of communication and method of transportation

Answer 13

Nerves - Very fast speed, travel in electrical impulses along the axon
Hormones - Slower speed, travel through the blood

Question 14

Compare nerves and hormones duration of response and area targeted?

Answer 14

Nerves - Short acting response, very precise area targeted.
Hormones - Longer acting response and large area targeted

Question 15

What is negative feedback?

Answer 15

It controls the level of hormones

Question 16

How does negative feedback work?

Answer 16

When the body detects a change in level of a substance it triggers a response for it to come back to normal levels

Question 17

What does thyroxine regulate?

Answer 17

Bodies metabolic rate

Question 18

How does negative feedback keep the right amount of thyroxine in the body?

Answer 18

When thyroxine is higher than normal, TSH is inhibited from the pituatary gland. This reduces the level of thyroxine in the body

Question 19

When adrenaline is secreted, what does the body do?

Answer 19

Increase rate of ATP production
Increase breathing rate
Increase heart rate

Question 20

What does metabolic rate mean?

Answer 20

Speed in which chemical reactions occur

Question 21

How long does the menstrual cycle last?

Answer 21

Around 28 days

Question 22

Explain the menstrual cycle?

Answer 22

Each month the lining of the uterus thickens ready to recieve an egg, an egg is maturing in one ovary at the same time. Around 14 days later the egg is released. This is called ovulation

Question 23

What does FSH do?

Answer 23

Causes an egg to mature and causes ovaries to produce oestrogen

Question 24

What does Oestrogen do?

Answer 24

Causes lining of uterus to build up, causes LH production

Question 25

As Oestrogen rises what does it inhibit and why?

Answer 25

FSH , so only one egg can be matured

Question 26

What does LH do?

Answer 26

Releases an egg on day 14

Question 27

What does Progesterone do?

Answer 27

Maintains uterus lining, inhibits LH and FSH

Question 28

What does infertile mean?

Answer 28

Unable to reproduce naturally

Question 29

How can you get pregnant if you are infertile?

Answer 29

IVF Egg and sperm is fertilised in a lab

Question 30

What do both progesterone and oestrogen do to prevent pregnancy

Answer 30

Inhibit production of FSH

Question 31

3 non hormonal contraceptive methods?

Answer 31

IUD Barriers Natural

Question 32

What does natural of non hormonal contraceptive methods mean?

Answer 32

Pulling out Not having sex

Question 33

What does barriers of non hormonal contraceptive methods mean?

Answer 33

Condom Female condom Diaphragm

Question 34

Name a hormonal contraceptive methods which use progesterone

Answer 34

Progesterone pill

Question 35

Name 1 hormonal contraceptive method with involves progesterone and oestrogen

Answer 35

Combined pill

Question 36

Causes of infertility

Answer 36

Blocked sperm ducks Not enough sperm being produced Lack of mature eggs being produced Failure to release egg from ovaries

Question 37

What does homeostasis mean?

Answer 37

Maintaining constant blood sugar levels

Question 38

What food type puts glucose into the body?

Answer 38

carbohydrates

Question 39

Where are what is excess glucose stored as?

Answer 39

Glycogen, in livers and muscles

Question 40

If the liver and muscles and full where will glucose be stored?

Answer 40

Lipids ( fats ) in tissues

Question 41

What monitors and controls blood sugar levels

Answer 41

Pancreas

Question 42

What hormone do pancreas produce?

Answer 42

Insulin and glucagon

Question 43

What does insulin do?

Answer 43

Decreases blood sugar levels

Question 44

How does insulin decrease blood sugar levels?

Answer 44

Insulin makes the liver turn glucose into glycogen

Question 45

What does glucagon do?

Answer 45

Increases blood sugar levels

Question 46

How does glucagon increase blood sugar levels?

Answer 46

Makes the liver turn glycogen into glucose

Question 47

What is type 1 diabetes?

Answer 47

Pancreases produce little insulin, have to get injections

Question 48

What is type 2 diabetes?

Answer 48

Caused by obesity,becoming resistant to insulin