B.6.3 - Diseases, viruses and defence

Question 1

Name 5 different body defences?

Answer 1

Skin, tears, acid in stomach, cillia/mucus and nasal hairs

Question 2

How is skin a barrier?

Answer 2

Physical barrier, hard to penetrate - waterproof

Question 3

How are tears a barrier?

Answer 3

Contain lysozymes

Question 4

What is a lysozymes?

Answer 4

A enzyme which destroys bacteria

Question 5

How is cillia and mucus a defence?

Answer 5

Mucus traps organisms and cillia moves the mucus up the throat where it is swallowed

Question 6

How does acid in the stomach act as a defence?

Answer 6

Kills pathogens and prevents contaminated food or drink

Question 7

How do nasal hairs act as a defence?

Answer 7

Catch particles and prevent dust and larger organisms entering body

Question 8

How does a scab form?

Answer 8

Scabs stops blood loss.
Platelets change the blood protein fibrinogen into into fibrin.
Which forms a network of fibers in the cut.
Blood gets caught in fiber. Which forms a blood clot. Clot hardens to form a scab

Question 9

What is fibrinogen converted into?

Answer 9

Fibrin

Question 10

What is the immune systems main type of defence once the pathogen is in the body?

Answer 10

White blood cells

Question 11

What are the two types of white blood cells?

Answer 11

Phagocytes and Lymphocytes

Question 12

What is a phagocyte?

Answer 12

They move around microorganisms and engulf it, then make enzymes which digest the microorganisms

Question 13

What is a Lymphocyte?

Answer 13

They make antibodies and antitoxins - leave behind memories so you dont get the same pathogen again.

Question 14

What are the two types of diseases?

Answer 14

Communicable, and non communicable

Question 15

What is a communicable disease?

Answer 15

A disease which can be spread between organisms

Question 15

What is a pathogen?

Answer 15

A microorganism which when entering the body, causes a disease

Question 16

What are the 4 types of pathogens?

Answer 16

Fungi, bacteria, viruses, and protozoa

Question 17

Give a animal and plant example for Fungi

Answer 17

Athletes foot
Powdery mildew

Question 18

Give a animal and plant example for Bacteria

Answer 18

Tubercolosis
Crown gall disease

Question 19

Give a animal and plant example for Virus

Answer 19

Flu
Tobacco mosaic

Question 20

Give a animal and plant example for protozoa

Answer 20

Malaria
Coffee phloem necrosis

Question 21

What is a non communicable disease?

Answer 21

A disease which cannot be spread across organisms

Question 22

2 things that increase the chance of a non communicable diseases?

Answer 22

Smoking
Alcohol

Question 23

How are pathogens spread between animals?

Answer 23

Reproductive
Airbourne
Digestive
Cuts in skin

Question 24

How can pathogens spread between plants?

Answer 24

Wind, insects and contact between a healthy sap and infected sap of plants

Question 25

How do pathogens cause disease?

Answer 25

As they grow they reproduce, causing damage to the cells by producing toxic waste chemicals

Question 26

Explain Viral replication

Answer 26

Virus attacks cell Inserts its genes The virus tells the nucleus to copy its genes New viruses are made Cell then bursts

Question 27

How can you prevent communicable diseases?

Answer 27

Cover mouth Dont touch injected objects Use protection during sex No sharing of needles, drugs Hygienic - wash hands and cook food properly

Question 28

What type of disease is athletes foot?

Answer 28

A fungi

Question 29

What type of disease is food poisoning?

Answer 29

Bacteria

Question 30

What causes pain when urinating?

Answer 30

Chlamydia, treated by antibiotics

Question 31

How do you prevent the spread of a plant communicable disease?

Answer 31

Remove infected plants

Question 32

Name three structures in a bacteria cell?

Answer 32

Flagellum Cytoplasm Ribosomes

Question 33

What is a vaccine?

Answer 33

Contain small or dead versions of a pathogen. The vaccination causes lymphocytes to produce antibodies to the pathogen

Question 34

How are pathogens killed? 3 antis

Answer 34

Antiseptics Antivirals Antibodies

Question 35

What do antiseptics do?

Answer 35

Kill or neutralise all types of pathogens, don't damage human tissue

Question 36

What do antivirals do?

Answer 36

Drugs that destroy viruses, by preventing them from replicating

Question 37

What do antibodies do?

Answer 37

Bind to specific pathogens to neutralize them or mark them for destruction by other immune cells

Question 38

Name 2 non communicable disease smoking causes?

Answer 38

Lung cancer, bronchitis

Question 39

How is alcohol causing non communicable disease?

Answer 39

Contains ethanol which affects nervous system, its a depressant so it slows down the body's reactions

Question 40

What can cause a non communicable disease?

Answer 40

A poor diet Obesity Inheriting a genetic disorder

Question 41

What are antibiotics?

Answer 41

Drugs which kill bacteria without damaging cells