B3 Organisation and the Digestive System Flashcards
(52 cards)
What are tissues
Groups of cells that act together to perform a function
What are some examples of plant tissues
Mesophyll
Capable of photosynthesis
Epithelial/epidermal tissue
Waxy covering of plants
What are some examples of animal tissues
Epithelial/epidermal tissue
Outer surface of organs and blood vessels and human skin
Muscular tissue
Contract to bring about force and motion
What are organs
Groups of tissues that work together to perform a function
What does glandular tissue in the stomach do
Produces digestive juices that break down the stomach’s contents
What does epithelial tissue in the stomach do
Lines the stomach
What does muscular tissue do in the stomach
Moves the content of the stomach during digestion
What are organ systems
Groups of organs that work together to perform a function
What does the small intestine do in the digestive system
Digests foods
Absorbs soluble food molecules
What does the liver do in the digestive system
Produces bile
What do glands do in the digestive system
Produce digestive enzymes
What does the stomach do in the digestive system
Digests food
What does the large intestine do in the digestive system
Absorbs water molecules from remaining undigested food
Produces faeces
What is an organism
A multicellular organism consisting of several organ systems
What are enzymes
Proteins that are biological catalysts, increasing the speed of chemical reactions
What is an enzyme’s active site
To catalyse a reaction, the substrate must bind to the enzyme’s active site
Here, substrates are broken up or bonded together
Only specific substrates fit an enzyme’s active site
What is the lock and key model
The active site is like a lock and the substrate is like a key
Only the right substrate fits the active site
What does denatured mean
When an enzyme’s structure is altered and it can no longer catalyse a reaction
How do you calculate the rate of reaction from a graph of mass of product against reaction time?
Rate of reaction is equal to the gradient of the graph
What causes denaturing
High temperature
Non-optimum pH
How does temperature affect rate of reaction
Increasing the temperature of a working enzyme initially increases the reacting activity
Enzymes have an optimum temperature
Once this temperature is reached, the activity decreases
Past a certain temperature, the enzyme is denatured
How does pH affect rate of reaction
Enzymes have an optimum pH
If the pH changes away from the optimum pH, the enzyme activity decreases
If the pH is too low or too high, the enzyme is denatured and will not function
How to calculate rate of reaction
change in mass divided by change in time
What do digestive enzymes do
Digestive enzymes catalyse the breaking down of large and insoluble molecules of food into smaller, soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream
Digested molecules can be used to construct new carbohydrates, proteins and lipids in the body
Some glucose produced by digestion is used for respiration
