B3 - Transporting Materials Flashcards
What is in the circulatory system
Blood vessels, the heart and the blood
Where is the right side of the heart on a diagram
On the left
Describe the entire circulatory system
Okay so…
- Blood comes from the head and body as deoxygenated in the right pump (left on photo) through the vein - vena cava
- It passes through the atrium, then the ventricle and out through the pulmonary artery into the lungs
- Here it picks up oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
- It travels back to the left side of the heart as oxygenated blood and enters through the pulmonary vein, through the atrium, ventricle and out through the aorta to the rest of the body
BOOM
Why is the left side thicker
Has to pump blood through the entire body
What are the jobs of valves
Open like a door one way so the blood doesn’t go the wrong way
Describe arteries, veins and capillaries
Arteries take the blood away from the heart and have thick walls
Veins carry the blood into the heart and have valves to push the blood in the right direction, quite thin
Capillaries are very thin and help transport the blood throughout the different systems of the body as the are thin (only one cell thick)
All are types of blood vessels
If a blood vessel is blocked or a valve is leaky what could this mean for someone’s health
They are being deprived of nutrients and oxygen because the blood is not flowing efficiently
Name a way to fix a blocked artery and a leaky valve
Artery - use a stent. Teeny balloon with a stent attached is inserted and inflated, popped and brought back out with the stent (wire mesh) still in place allowing the blood to flow.
Valve - Artificial or animal ones are used to replace leaky ones
What is blood
A tissue, made up of many different cells
The fluid is called the plasma
What does the plasma contain
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
What are the functions of the items in the plasma
Red blood cells - Contains oxygen and haemoglobin (combines to create oxyhaemoglobin) and transfers all of the oxyhaemoglobin to the organs in the body
White blood cells - Part of the body’s defence system against pathogens
Platelets - Help blood to clot at the site of a wound
What is the functions of the plasma and 2 examples
Transportation of gases, liquids and solids
Carbon dioxide transported from the organs to the lungs to be released
Products from digestion from the intestines to other organs
How are red/white blood cells and platelets adapted
RBC - Biconcave to increase surface area for gas exchange and fit through blood vessels. No nucleus to increase volume
WBC - have a nucleus but are small to fit through blood vessels
Platelets - Do not a have a nucleus, only small fragments of cells
Give the advantages and disadvantages of artificial heart
A - They don’t need to match the human tissue
D - long stays in hospitals, expensive and could cause issues with blood clotting
What do the xylem and phloem do?
Xylem - Transport water and ions from the roots to the stem, leaves and flowers
Phloem - Carries dissolved sugars throughout the plant
