B3.038 - Big Case Leukemia

Question 1

APL is frequently associated with what

Answer 1

DIC

Question 2

what is diagnostic for acute leukemia

Answer 2

>20% blasts in bone marrow

Question 3

what are the bone marrow pathological findings of ALL and AML

Answer 3

increased cellularity increased blasts

Question 4

what is acute leukemia

Answer 4

neoplasm derived from prefcursor hematopoietic cells iwht proliferation and accumulation of immature (blast )cells aka proliferation without maturation

Question 5

Variably hypercellular, megakaryocytic predominancy

mild or no fibrosis

Answer 5

ET

Question 6

Markedly hypercellular, granulocyte predominance, blasts <10%, Mild fibrosis

Answer 6

CML

Question 7

Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia translocation

Answer 7

t(15;17) Disrupts retinoic acid receptor (RAR-alpha) gene

Question 8

ALL favorable prognostic features

Answer 8

Precursor B-ALL 4-10 yo <10,000 WBC hyperdiploidy, t(12;21)

Question 9

Etiologic associations of leukemias

Answer 9

Trisomy 21 radiation exposure to alkylating agents, topoisomerase II inhibitors, primarily AML Immunodeficiency states other stem cell hematologic disorders

Question 10

Hypercellular, mostly granulocytic and megakaryocytic

Reticulin and collagenous fibrosis and osteosclerosis

Answer 10

PMF

Question 11

what are blood pathologic findings of AML and ALL

Answer 11

anemia nuetropenia thrombocytopenia circulating blasts

Question 12

what is the most common cancer in children

Answer 12

ALL

Question 13

how do you diagnose AML

Answer 13

>20% blasts in bone marrow myeloperoxidase + TdT- CD34+ CD13+ CD33+ CD117+

Question 14

can AML turn into myeloproliferative neoplasms

Answer 14

no

Question 15

why is hyperdiploidy favorable for ALL

Answer 15

specific types of chromosomes get repeated that help pt

Question 16

what are these

Answer 16

schistocytes

Question 17

Markedly hypercellular with erythroid predominance, increased and clustered megakaryocytes

Decreased or absent Iron

mild to moderate fibrosis

Answer 17

PV

Question 18

when can lymphoid neoplasms occur

Answer 18

any point bc lymphoid cells live a long time and change/reproduce

Question 19

what does acute promyelocytic leukemia looks like

Answer 19

abnormal promyelocyte like cells with multiple auer rods

Question 20

AML has morphologic/functional similarity to

Answer 20

myeloid cell lines

Question 21

what is used to treat APL

Answer 21

All trans retinoic acid

Question 22

what are these and what are they associated with

Answer 22

Auer rods, with AML diagnostic

Question 23

what is cellularity

Answer 23

amount of bone marrow occupied by cells as opposed to fat

Question 24

what are clinical findings of ALL

Answer 24

bone marrow insufficiency Bone pain Hepatosplenomegaly Lymphadenopathy

Question 25

What are auer rods diagnostic for

Answer 25

AML

Question 26

describe acute leukemias

Answer 26

primarily immature cells untreated will rapidly progess and be fatal in weeks to montsh

Question 27

ALL/LBL epidemiology

Answer 27

Most common cancer of childhood mostly B cell cancer and second peak after 50

Question 28

when can myeloid neoplasms occur

Answer 28

in the blast stage

Question 29

cell division is required for what

Answer 29

neoplasms to be produced

Question 30

ALL unfavorable prognostic features

Answer 30

T-ALL \<2\>10 y \>10,000 WBCs organomegaly t(4;11), t(9;22)

Question 31

what is myeloperoxidase important in

Answer 31

enzyme important in granulocytic function and killing bacteria

Question 32

what is the goal of induction therapy and what is it

Answer 32

usually multi agent chemo produce complete remission

Question 33

Answer 33

PV

Question 34

describe chronic leukemias

Answer 34

primarily mature or maturing cells untreated will take weeks to moths to progress

Question 35

how do you diagnose B-ALL

Answer 35

TdT+ Myeloperoxidase - CD10+ CD19+

Question 36

what are unfavorable features of AML prognosis

Answer 36

age \>60 WBC \>100,000 prior myelodysplastic syndrom

Question 37

auer rods are what

Answer 37

concentrations of pirmary granules, only in myeloid lineage blasts

Question 38

what are clinical findings of AML

Answer 38

bone marrow insufficiency hepatosplenomegaly

Question 39

ALL/LBL

Answer 39

B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma

Question 40

TdT is expressed by what

Answer 40

immature lymphoid cells

Question 41

can myeloproliferateive neoplasms turn into AML

Answer 41

yes

Question 42

what is post induction therapy

Answer 42

goal is long term disease free survival

Question 43

Answer 43

PMF

Question 44

aggregates of mast cells positive for metachromatic stains

Answer 44

Mastocytosis

Question 45

which is worse AML or myeloproliferateive neoplasm

Answer 45

AML

Question 46

T-ALL diagnostics

Answer 46

TdT+ Myeloperoxidase - CD2+ CD3+ CD5+

Question 47

why dont you have lypmphadenopathy in AML

Answer 47

you dont have myeloid cells going to lymph nodes

Question 48

AML epidemiology

Answer 48

incidence increases steadily through adult life

Question 49

Answer 49

CML

Question 50

Favorable features of AML prognosis

Answer 50

t(15;17) t(8;21)

Question 51

Answer 51

CML