B4-002 Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards
(118 cards)
1
Q
mediates adaptive behavioral and physiological effects in response to variety of internal and external sensory stimuli
A
ANS
2
Q
have a final interneuronal synapse between a CNS (preganglionic) neuron and a peripheral (postganglionic) neuron
A
autonomic motor pathways
3
Q
- don’t have neurons in ganglia
- CNS neuron project directly into muscle
A
voluntary motor pathways
4
Q
have ganglia which contain peripheral neurons but not interneuronal synapses
A
sensory nerves
5
Q
both sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia have
A
cholinergic excitatory synapses
6
Q
ganglionic neurotransmission in both sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways is mediated by
A
excitatory nicotinic cholinergic receptors
7
Q
output is discrete
A
parasympathetic nervous system
8
Q
output is diffuse
A
sympathetic nervous system
9
Q
sites of autonomic neurotransmission
A
varicosities
10
Q
transmission between a varicosity and target cell occurs across a
A
junction
11
Q
prejunctional component
A
varicosity
12
Q
postjunctional component
A
target cell
13
Q
primary transmitters of parasympathetic neuroeffector transmission
A
- acetylcholine
- nitric oxide
14
Q
acetylcholine: synthetic enzyme
A
choline acetyltransferase
15
Q
nitric oxide: synthetic enzyme
A
NO synthase
16
Q
acetylcholine: termination
A
cholinesterase
17
Q
nitric oxide: termination
A
diffusion
18
Q
acetylcholine: receptor
A
muscarinic
19
Q
nitric oxide: receptor
A
guanylate cyclase
20
Q
acetylcholine: positively effects
parasympathetic
A
M1, M3, M5
21
Q
acetylcholine: negatively effects
parasympathetic
A
M2, M4
22
Q
nitric oxide: effect
A
smooth muscle relaxation
23
Q
sympathetic neurotransmitters
A
acetylcholine (5%)
norepinephrine
24
Q
acetylcholine: effects
sympathetic
A
- eccrine sweat glands
- gland excitation
- thermoregulation only
25
norepinephrine: synthetic enzyme
dopamine B-hydroxylase
26
norepinephrine: termination
* 80% reuptake
* COMT, MAO
| `
27
norepinephrine: receptor
adrenoreceptor
28
a1 is located
post junctional
29
a1 causes
* smooth muscle to contract
* increased salivation
30
a2 is located
pre-junctional
31
a2 inhibits
NE release
32
b1 is located in
heart, kidneys
33
b1 causes
* increased inotropy
* increased chronotropy
* increased angiotensin II
34
b2 is located
* smooth muscle
* glands
35
b2 causes
* smooth muscle relaxation
* increased salivation
* increased glycogenolysis
36
B3 is located
fat
37
B3 causes
increased lipolysis
38
acetylcholine and norepinephrine can excite or inhibit depending on
types of post junctional receptors present on target cell
39
the amount of transmitter released by postjunctional autonomic nerves is regulated by
prejunctional inhibitory autoreceptors
40
if excitatory transmitter release is persistently high...
post junctional receptor sensitivity can decrease
41
if excitatory transmitter release is continuously low...
receptor sensitivity can increase
42
mediates "fight or flight"
sympatho-adrenal system
43
characterized by broad and diffuse system activation
sympathetic system
44
mediates "feed and breed"
parasympthetic system
45
characterized by discrete changes in activity to selected organs
parasympathetic system
46
the parasympathetic system activates non vascular smooth muscle via
cholinergic receptors
47
the parasympathetic system always relaxes spinchters via
cholinergic receptors
48
the parasympathetic system inhibits cardiac activity via
cholinergic receptors
49
the parasympathetic system activates glands via
cholinergic receptors
50
the parasympathetic system relaxes vascular smooth muscle via
nitrergic receptors
51
the sympathetic system contracts smooth muscles via
a1 receptors
52
the sympathetic system relaxes smooth muscle via
b2 receptors
53
the sympathetic system excites the heart and kidney JG cells via
b1 receptors
54
the sympathetic system excites adipocytes via
b3 receptors
55
the sympathetic system increases glandular secretion via
a1, b2, M
56
# [sympathetic or parasympathetic]
mydriasis
| pupil dialtion
sympathetic
57
# [sympathetic or parasympathetic]
miosis
| pupil constriction
parasympathetic
58
* occurs when sympathetic innervation to the head is damaged
* ptosis
* miosis
* facial anhidrosis and flushing
horner's syndrome
59
# [sympathetic or parasympathetic]
increases GI motility
parasympathetic
60
# [sympathetic or parasympathetic]
decreases spinchter tone
parasympathetic
61
# [sympathetic or parasympathetic]
increases enteric blood flow
parasympathetic
62
# [sympathetic or parasympathetic]
reduces GI motility
sympathetic
63
# [sympathetic or parasympathetic]
increases spinchter tone
sympathetic
64
too little sympathetic NE in the bladder will cause
incontinence
65
too little parasympathetic ACh in the bladder will cause
retention
66
sacral parasympathetic neuropathy can cause
erectile dysfunction
67
NO acts on gaunylate cyclase to produce
cGMP
| causes smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation
68
NO acts on gaunylate cyclase to produce
cGMP
| causes smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation
69
Viagra inhibits phosphodiesterase 5, which breaks down cGMP.
This amplifies
the affect of NO, increasing tumescence
70
# name the receptor type and state if sympathetic or parasympathetic
protect retina:
* pupillary constrictor
* cleanse lacrimal
M+
| parasympathetic
71
# name the receptor type and state if sympathetic or parasympathetic
protect from noxious agents
* bronchiolar smooth muscle
* nasopharyngeal glands
M+
| parasympathetic
72
# name the receptor type and state if sympathetic or parasympathetic
decrease heart rate
M-
| parasympathetic
73
# name the receptor type and state if sympathetic or parasympathetic
promote digestion:
* salivary gland secretion
* enteric smooth muscle
M+
| parasympathetic
74
# name the receptor type and state if sympathetic or parasympathetic
increased blood flow to vascular smooth muscle
NO-
| parasympathetic
75
# name the receptor type and state if sympathetic or parasympathetic
defecation:
anal spinchter SM
M-
| parasympathetic
76
# name the receptor type and state if sympathetic or parasympathetic
urination:
bladder SM
M+
| parasympathetic
77
# name the receptor type and state if sympathetic or parasympathetic
urinary:
relax GU spinchters
M-
| parasympathetic
78
# name the receptor type and state if sympathetic or parasympathetic
erection
NO-
| parasympathetic
79
# name the receptor type and state if sympathetic or parasympathetic
increased light, distance vision:
* pupillary dilator
* tarsal SM
a1+
| sympathetic
80
# name the receptor type and state if sympathetic or parasympathetic
increased air intake:
bronchiolar SM
b2-
| sympathetic
81
# name the receptor type and state if sympathetic or parasympathetic
delay digestion:
enteric smooth muscle
b2-
| sympathetic
82
# name the receptor type and state if sympathetic or parasympathetic
delay digestion:
decreased blood flow to GI
a1+
| sympathetic
83
# name the receptor type and state if sympathetic or parasympathetic
delay defecation:
anal spinchter SM
a1+
| sympathetic
84
# name the receptor type and state if sympathetic or parasympathetic
thick, copius saliva
a1, B2+
| sympathetic
85
# name the receptor type and state if sympathetic or parasympathetic
increased blood glucose from liver
B2
| sympathetic
86
# name the receptor type and state if sympathetic or parasympathetic
increase heart rate
b1+
| sympathetic
87
# name the receptor type and state if sympathetic or parasympathetic
prevent urination:
bladder body SM
b2-
| sympathetic
88
# name the receptor type and state if sympathetic or parasympathetic
prevent urination:
GU spinchters
a1+
89
# name the receptor type and state if sympathetic or parasympathetic
ejaculation
a1+
| sympathetic
90
# name the receptor type and state if sympathetic or parasympathetic
hair follicle smooth muscle
a1+
| sympathetic
91
# name the receptor type and state if sympathetic or parasympathetic
eccrine sweat glands
M+
| sympathetic
92
# name the receptor type and state if sympathetic or parasympathetic
apocrine sweat glands
a1+
| sympathetic
93
# name the receptor type and state if sympathetic or parasympathetic
lipolysis
b3+
| sympathetic
94
# name the receptor type and state if sympathetic or parasympathetic
increased force of skeletal muscle
b2+
| sympathetic
95
# name the receptor type and state if sympathetic or parasympathetic
skeletal VSM
b2-
| sympathetic
96
# name the receptor type and state if sympathetic or parasympathetic
cutaneous, splanchic, renal VSM
a1+
| sympathetic
97
dry mouth is caused by
| xerostomia
reduced SNS/PSNS excitatory innervation
98
dsyphagia is caused by
reduced PSNS-mediated motility
99
airway obstruction is caused by
PSnS constriction accompanying loss of SNS dilation
100
SNS loss causes what change in heart rate?
bradycardia
101
PSNS loss causes what change in heart rate?
tachycardia
102
PSNS loss causes what GI disturbances?
* hypomobility
* constipation
103
SNS loss causes what gastic distubances?
* hypermobility
* fecal incontinence
104
erectile dysfunction is caused by
PSNS loss
105
ejaculatory dysfunction is caused by loss of
SNS
106
urinary retention is caused by loss of
PSNS function
107
urinary incontinence is caused by loss of
SNS function
108
miosis is caused by loss of
SNS regulation
109
mydriasis is caused by loss of
PSNS function
110
anhydrosis is caused by loss of
SNS cholinergic function
111
pupillary dilation and urinary retention would be caused by a [...] agonist
a1
112
reduced GI activity may be caused by a [...] agonist
b2
113
increased heart rate may be caused by a [...] agonist
b1
114
ganglionic neurotransmission is mediated by
excitatory nicotinic receptors
115
blocking ganglionic neurotransmission leads to
* less Ach and NE released
* decreased plasma epinephrine
116
# what type of drug
* excitatory to smooth muscle
* inhibit spinchter contraction
* activate sweat glands
* constrict pupils
* decrease heart rate
muscarinic agonist
117
# what type of drug would:
* cause tachycardia
* no change in blood pressure
beta 1 agonist
118
mucarinic effects
**D**iarrhea
**U**rination
**M**iosis
**B**ronchospasm
**B**radycardia
**E**emesis
**L**arcrimation
**S**weating
**S**alivation
