B4-082 Chest Wall Heart Flashcards
(83 cards)
1
Q
muscles that lie deep to the breast
A
- pectoralis major
- pectoralis minor
- serratus anterior
2
Q
[…] fascia surrounds the pectoralis major
A
pectoral
3
Q
[…] fascia surrounds the pectoralis minor
A
clavipectoral fascia
4
Q
- potential space located between breast and pectoral fascia
- allows some degree of movement of the breast
A
retromammary space
5
Q
location of the breast
A
- lateral border of sternum to mid axillary line
- 2-6th ribs
6
Q
artery that supplies medial mammary branches
A
internal thoracic
7
Q
artery that supplies lateral mammary branches
A
lateral thoracic
8
Q
artery that supplies lateral mammary and lateral cutaneous branches
A
posterior intercostal
9
Q
nerves that supply the breast
A
anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of 4-6th intercostal nerves
10
Q
the nerves that supply the breast travel in
A
pectoral fascia
11
Q
lymphatic supply to nipple, areola and lobules
A
subareolar lymphatic plexus
12
Q
lymphatic supply to lateral quadrent
A
axillary lymph nodes
13
Q
lymphatic supply to medial quadrant
A
parasternal lymph nodes
14
Q
lymphatic supply to inferior quandrant
A
abdominal lymph nodes
15
Q
flow of lymph through the lateral quadrant
A
- pectoral nodes
- central nodes
- apical nodes
- clavicular nodes
- subclavian lymphatic trunk
- thoracic or right lymphatic trunk
16
Q
A
lactiferous ducts
note: lobules of mammary glands
17
Q
A
suspensory ligaments
18
Q
A
nipple
19
Q
A
lactiferous sinus
20
Q
in the autonomic nervous system, the pre synaptic cell body is in the […], while the post-synaptic cells body is in an […]
A
CNS; autnomic ganglion
21
Q
one presynaptic fiber synapses with multiple post synaptic fibers provides
A
amplification of response
22
Q
fight or flight
A
sympathetic
23
Q
preganglionic fibers located from T1-L2/3
A
sympathetic
24
Q
- paravertebral ganglia
- superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglia
- prevertebral ganglia
A
sympathetic
25
postganglionic cell bodies are in the sympathetic gangle and
the axons continue to target organ
26
* short preganglionic fibers
* long postganglionic fibers
sympathetic
27
rest and digest
parasympathetic
28
preganglionic fibers located in nuclei in brainstem or sacral spinal chord
parasympathetic
29
preganglionic fibers in the parasympathetic system travel with which cranial nerves?
3, 7, 9, 10
30
include ciliary, pterygopalatine, otic and submandibular ganglion and ganglion found in the target organ
parasympathetic ganglia
31
long preganglionic fibers
short postganglionic fibers
parasympathetic
32
preganglionic neurotransmitter
acetylcholine
33
post ganglionic NT in PSNS
acetylcholine
34
postganglionic NT in SNS
NE
35
alpha and beta receptors
SNS
36
nicotinic and muscarinic receptors
PSNS
37
sympathetics destined for the heart are located in the
* intermediolateral cell column
* lateral horn of the spinal chord
38
sympathetic preganglionic fibers leave the spinal chord at
* ventral root
* mixed spinal nerve
* ventral ramus
* white ramus
* paravertebral ganglion
* superior, middle or inferior ganglion
39
sympathetic postganglionic fibers travel through the [....] to the heart
cardiac plexus
40
parasympathetics destined for the heart are located in the
brainstem
41
preganglionic parasympathetic fibers travel
with cranial nerve X
42
the parasympathetic preganglionic fibers will travel through the [...] and synapse with the parasympathetic ganglion in the heart
cardiac plexus
43
SNS effect on SA node
increase rate
44
PSNS effect on SA node
decrease rate
45
SNS effect on atrial wall
increase contractility
46
PSNS effect on atrial wall
decrease contractility
47
SNS effect on AV node
increase speed of conduction
48
PSNS effect on AV node
decrease speed of conduction
49
SNS effect on ventricular wall
increase contractility
50
PSNS effect on ventricular wall
no effect
51
located on the aorta near the ligamentum arteriosum
superficial cardiac plexus
52
located on the bifurcation of the trachea
deep cardiac plexus
53
contain:
* postganglionic sympathetic fibers
* preganglionic parasympathetic fibers
* visceral afferent
cardiac plexus
54
visceral afferents that detect pain are detecting
ischemia
metabolic products
55
substernal chest pain
angina
56
MI symptoms in men
* nausea
* jaw, neck, back pain
* pain/pressure in chest
* SOB
57
MI symptoms specific to women
* upper back pain
* pain/pressure in lower chest or upper abdomen
* fainting
* indigestion
* extreme fatigue
58
3 types of referred pain
1. visceral afferents
2. one branch of a nerve to another
3. phrenic nerve to shoulder
59
knee pain felt in hip is an example of
referred pain
one branch of the femoral nerve to another
60
embryologic origin due to migration of the septum transversum
referred pain
phrenic nerve to shoulder
61
# identify the heart sound
closure of mitral and tricuspid valves
s1
62
# identify the heart sound
start of systole
s1
63
# identify the heart sound
closure of semilunar valves
s2
64
# identify the heart sound
* ventricular filling
* normally in kids, disappers with age
s3
65
# identify the heart sound
* atrial contraction
* not normally heard
s4
66
where to auscultate the aortic valve?
right 2nd intercostal space, just to the right of the sternum
67
where to auscultate the pulmonary valve?
left 2nd intercostal space, just to the left of the sternum
68
where to auscultate the mitral valve?
apex of the heart, 5-6th intercostal space at mid clavicular line
69
where to auscultate tricuspid valve?
5th intercostal space, left of sternum
70
occurs between the "lub" and the "dub"
systolic murmur
71
* can be early (following the "dub")
* can be late (preceding the "lub")
diastolic murmur
72
a systolic murmur indicates
* aortic or pulmonary stenosis
* mitral or tricuspid regurgitation
73
an early diastolic murmur indicates
pulmonary or aortic regurgitation
74
late diastolic murmur indicates
tricuspid or mitral stenosis
75
normal direction of flow through a narrow orifice
stenosis
76
retrograde flow due to inadequate valve closure
regurgitation
77
* late diastolic murmur
* heard in left 4-5 intercostal space
* low pitched
* rumbling
mitral stenosis
78
* systolic murmur
* heard at apex of heart
* soft
* blowing
* pansystolic
mitral regurgitation
79
* systolic murmur
* heard in right 2nd intercostal space
* cresendo-decresendo
* harsh
aortic stenosis
80
* early diastolic murmur
* heard in left 3rd intercostal space
* high pitched
* blowing
aortic regurgitation
81
* systolic murmur on left side of sternum
* harsh
* pansystolic
interventricular septal defect
82
* systolic murmur
* left 2nd intercostal space
| 2
* pulmonary stenosis
* tetrology of Fallot
83
* continuous murmur heard in left 2nd intercostal space
* continuous
* rumbling
patent ductus ateriosus
