B4 - Organising animals and plants

Question 1

What is the blood made of

Answer 1

Plasma
Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
Platelet’s

Question 2

What is the function of Plasma

Answer 2

It transports all your:
Blood cells
Waste CO2 produced by cells, to the lungs
Urea formed in the liver, to the kidneys
The small soluble product of digestion, pass into plasma

Question 3

What is the function of Red Blood Cells

Answer 3

To pick up oxygen from your lungs and carry it to the cells that need it

Question 4

What is the function of White Blood Cells

Answer 4

They form part of the body’s defence system against harmful microorganisms
They make Lymphocytes which form antibodies
ones that make antitoxins
Phagocytes which engulf and digest the harmful microorganisms

Question 5

What is the function of Platelets

Answer 5

They help the blood clot at the site of a wound and stop the bacteria entering the body

Question 6

What are the 3 types of blood vessels

Answer 6

Vein
Artery
Capillary

Question 7

Which direction does the blood flow in a Artery

Answer 7

Out of the heart

Question 8

Which direction does the blood flow in a Vein

Answer 8

Into the heart

Question 9

Which direction does the blood flow in a Capillary

Answer 9

Around the body

Question 10

Key structures of a Capillary

Answer 10

Narrow lumen
Walls a cell thick
Lets substances to diffuse easily

Question 11

Key structures of a Vein

Answer 11

Relatively thin walls
Large Lumen
Often have valves to stop backflow

Question 12

Key structures of a Artery

Answer 12

Thick walls with lots of muscles and elastic fibres in it

Small lumen

Question 13

What are stents used for

Answer 13

They are used to keep narrowed or blocked arteries open

Question 14

What are statins used for

Answer 14

They reduce the cholesterol levels in the blood, reducing the risk of coronary heart disease

Question 15

What is the function of heart valves

Answer 15

They keep the blood flowing in the right direction in the heart

Question 16

What can replace damaged heart valves

Answer 16

Biological or Mechanical valves

Question 17

What controls the resting heart rate

Answer 17

A group of cells in the right atrium that form a natural pacemaker

Question 18

What are artificial pacemakers

Answer 18

They are elctrical devices that correct the irregularties in the heart rythmn

Question 19

What are artifical hearts

Answer 19

They are machines which pump a patients blood around their body while they are waiting for a transplant

Question 20

What is the purpose of the diaphragm

Answer 20

It contracts and relaxes to increase and decrease the volume in the lungs while breathing

Question 21

What is the purpose of the alveoli

Answer 21

It diffuses oxygen into the blood and diffuse CO2 out

Question 22

What is a lung

Answer 22

It is an organ where gas exchange happens

Question 23

What is the purpose of the trachea

Answer 23

Carries air to and from the lungs

Question 24

What is the purpose of the bronchus

Answer 24

Carries air into and out the two sides of the lungs

Question 25

What is the purpose of the bronchioles

Answer 25

They carry air to the alveoli's

Question 26

What is the function of the waxy cuticle layer

Answer 26

To prevent evaporation and protect the leaf

Question 27

What is the function of the Upper epidermis

Answer 27

To allow as much light as posssible to get through it | Lacks organelles

Question 28

What is the function of the Palisade Mesophyll layer

Answer 28

To carry out lots of photosythesis | Lots of chloroplast

Question 29

What is the function of the stoma

Answer 29

To allow air in for gas exchange

Question 30

What is the function for the spongy mesophyll layer

Answer 30

Gas exchange | Lots of air spaces between the cells

Question 31

What is the function of the guard cells

Answer 31

Opening and closing the stoma

Question 32

What does the Phloem do

Answer 32

It transports sugar up and down the stem The process is called translocation It is made of living tissue

Question 33

What does the Xylem do

Answer 33

It transports water up the stem (one direction) Process called transpiration Made up of dead cells

Question 34

Why are Xylem's made of dead cells

Answer 34

So that nothing gets in the way

Question 35

What is Transpiration

Answer 35

The movement of water up the stem and then evaportaed out the stomata Evaporation of some of the water causes more water to be pulled through the xylem

Question 36

What causes an increase in the rate of transpiration in a plant

Answer 36

Windy weather Higher temperature When there is lots of sun