B5 - Communicable diseases Flashcards
(30 cards)
Definition of Communicable disease
A disease caused by pathogens that can be passed from one orgamisms to another
Definition of a Non-Communicable disease
A disease that is not infectious
Definition of pathogen
A microorganism that causes diseases
What are the 4 types of pathogens
Fungi
Protists
Bacteria
Viruses
What are Fungi pathogens
How do they spread
Eukaryotic organisms (Advanced cell)
Spread through spores in the air or on surfaces
multicellular but can be single celled
What are Protist pathogens
How do they spread
Eukaryotic organisms (Advanced cell)
Spreads through food and water that has been infected
They attach to the lining of the small intestine and stop the person absorbing all the nutrients
Mulitcellular or single celled
What are Bacteria pathogens
What do they do in the body
what shape are they
Prokaryotic organisms (simple cell)
Release toxins or poisons when in the body
Come in many shapes or sizes - very small
They can multiply in favourable conditions
What are Viruse pathogens
What size are they
Neither prokaryotic or Eukaryotic
Much smaller than bacteria
Can reproduce inside cells from the host organism, they will break the cell and then spread across the body reproducing more
Spread around the body by bloodstreams or airways
What are the ways that pathogens spread
Direct contact Food and water Droplet infection (by air) Genetics Lifestyle
What do antibodies fight
Bacteria
What is an antisceptic used for
To clean wounds and stop infection in the wound
What is an disinfectant used for
It is used to kill bacteria on other surfaces than the skin
What are antibiotics used for
Used to kill bacteria inside bodies
What did Semmelweiss do
He said that doctors were going from dead bodies to new born babies without washing heir hands
He told them to wash their hands but refused
What did Lister do
He was the first to use Carbolic acid as a disinfectant
What did Louis Pasteur do
Created Germ Theory
Created vaccinations for many diseases
What is a Vaccination and how does it work
It is a small amount of a dead or inactive pathogens that are injected into the persons body
This allows the body to make the right antibodies for the pathogen without any risk of illness
So if you get the pathogen and it is active, the body already has antibodies to kill it
What are the signs of plant diseases
stunted growth
spots on leaves
areas of decay
discolouration
What defiency causes stunted growth
nitrate
What defiency causes chlorosis
magnesium
What physical defences do plants have against pathogens
The cellulose wall
The waxy cuticle layer
Bark on trees
Leaf fall
What chemical defences do plants have against pathogens and predators
Antibacterial chemicals
Release poisons to deter herbivores
What mechanical defences do plants have against predators
Thorns
Hairy stems
Mimicry
What is Measles
It is a human disease caused by a virus
Symptoms are fever, dry cough and inflamed eyes
Spread by droplet infection
Vaccine available
