B4 - Organising Animals & Plants ✅

Question 1

What are the ventricles?

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Answer 1

The larger chambers of the heart

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Question 2

Where does the right ventricle pump blood to?

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Answer 2

The lungs

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Question 3

Where does the left ventricle pump blood to?

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Answer 3

Around the whole body

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Question 4

What are the atria?

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Answer 4

The smaller chambers of the heart

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Question 5

What do the atria do?

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Answer 5

They fill up with blood from the vena cava and the pulmonary vein, then pump this blood into the ventricles

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Question 6

What is the aorta?

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Answer 6

The artery leaving the left ventricle; it branches off to supply every cell of the body with blood

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Question 7

What is the vena cava?

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Answer 7

The major vein transporting blood from the whole body back to the right atrium, in the heart

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Question 8

What is the pulmonary artery?

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Answer 8

The blood vessel leaving the right ventricle

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Question 9

Where does the pulmonary artery transport blood to?

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Answer 9

The lungs

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Question 10

What is the pulmonary vein?

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Answer 10

The vein leading from the lungs back to the left atrium, in the heart

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Question 11

What is an artery?

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Answer 11

A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart at a relatively high pressure

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Question 12

What is a capillary?

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Answer 12

A very small, thin-walled blood vessel, where the exchange of substances between the blood and body cells takes place

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Question 13

What is a vein?

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Answer 13

A blood vessel that returns blood to the heart at a relatively low pressure

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Question 14

Which is the only blood vessel that contains valves?

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Answer 14

Veins

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Question 15

What is plasma?

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Answer 15

The liquid part of the blood

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Question 16

What is plasma made up of?

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Answer 16

Mostly water, but with substances such as glucose, protein, ions, and carbon dioxide dissolved in it

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Question 17

What are red blood cells?

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Answer 17

Disc-shaped cells that contain haemoglobin, which binds to oxygen, and therefore transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues in the body

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Question 18

What are white blood cells?

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Answer 18

Cells in the blood that fight infection(s) caused by pathogen(s)

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Question 19

What are platelets?

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Answer 19

Fragments of cells that cause the clotting of blood at the site of a wound, in order to reduce blood loss from the body

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Question 20

What is a blood clot?

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Answer 20

A solid clump of blood, formed when there is an injury

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Question 21

What is epidermal tissue?

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Answer 21

A type of plant tissue that covers the surface of a plant

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Question 22

What is the palisade mesophyll?

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Answer 22

A tissue in the leaf of a plant wherein photosynthesis occurs

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Question 23

What is the spongy mesophyll?

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Answer 23

A tissue in the leaf of a plant with air spaces between cells

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Question 24

What is the role of the spongy mesophyll in a plant?

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Answer 24

To carry out gas exchange for the plant

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Question 25

What is the xylem? ## Footnote ©

Answer 25

A narrow tube that spans through the roots, stem, and leaves of a plant ## Footnote ©

Question 26

What does the xylem transport around a plant, and from where? | Hint: Two things ## Footnote ©

Answer 26

Water and mineral ions from the roots to the leaves of a plant ## Footnote ©

Question 27

What is the phloem? ## Footnote ©

Answer 27

A tube that runs alongside the xylem ## Footnote ©

Question 28

What does the phloem transport around a plant; what is the name of this process of transportation? ## Footnote ©

Answer 28

Sugars and dissolved water; translocation ## Footnote ©

Question 29

What is meristem tissue? ## Footnote ©

Answer 29

A type of tissue found at the growing tips of the roots and shoots of a plant ## Footnote ©

Question 30

What does the meristem tissue contain? ## Footnote ©

Answer 30

Stem cells ## Footnote ©

Question 31

What are guard cells? ## Footnote ©

Answer 31

Cells that are paired, that form the stomata on leaves (the holes through which gases are exhanged by a plant) ## Footnote ©

Question 32

What do guard cells do to stomata? ## Footnote ©

Answer 32

Open or close it, as required by the plant ## Footnote ©

Question 33

What is transpiration? ## Footnote ©

Answer 33

The process by which plants lose water, in the form of water vapour, from the stomata in its leaves ## Footnote ©

Question 34

What type of circulatory system do mammals have? | Hint: Single or double? ## Footnote ©

Answer 34

A double circulatory system ## Footnote ©

Question 35

What is the body's natural resting heart rate controlled by? ## Footnote ©

Answer 35

A group of cells in the right atrium, that act as a natural pacemaker ## Footnote ©

Question 36

What type of circulatory system do fish have? | Hint: Single or double? ## Footnote ©

Answer 36

A single circulatory system ## Footnote ©

Question 37

What are the three types of blood vessels? ## Footnote ©

Answer 37

1. Arteries 2. Veins 3. Capillaries ## Footnote ©

Question 38

How many cells thick are capillaries? ## Footnote ©

Answer 38

One cell thick ## Footnote ©

Question 39

When you breathe in, what muscles in your body contract? ## Footnote ©

Answer 39

Your diaphragm and intercostal muscles ## Footnote ©

Question 40

Is the blood a cell, tissue, organ, or organ system? ## Footnote ©

Answer 40

A tissue ## Footnote ©

Question 41

Why do red blood cells have a concave shape? ## Footnote ©

Answer 41

To increase its surface area, to be able to carry more oxygen around the body ## Footnote ©

Question 42

Can white blood cells change shape? ## Footnote ©

Answer 42

Yes ## Footnote ©

Question 43

What factors speed up the rate of transpiration? | Hint: There are four factors ## Footnote ©

Answer 43

1. **A high temperature** (since water molecules have more kinetic energy, hence diffusion out of the stomata is faster) 2. **Low humidity** (since there is a steeper concentration gradient if the air outside the plant is relatively drier than the air in the airspaces) 3. **Higher air flow/wind** (since this constantly refreshes the concentration gradient, as water vapour is blown away from the leaves) 4. **Higher light intensity** (this increases the rate of photosynthesis, which uses water, so water flows more rapidly up through the plant) ## Footnote ©

Question 44

What is the xylem made up of? ## Footnote ©

Answer 44

Hollow tubes | Other: The cell walls of dead cells ## Footnote ©

Question 45

What substance is the xylem strengthened by? ## Footnote ©

Answer 45

Lignin ## Footnote ©

Question 46

What is the phloem made up of? ## Footnote ©

Answer 46

Living cells ## Footnote ©