B5 - Communicable Diseases

Question 1

What is the definition of heath?

Answer 1

Health is the state of physical and mental well-being

Question 2

What is a communicable disease?

Answer 2

One that can be spread from person to person and is caused by pathogens

Question 3

What is a non-communicable disease?

Answer 3

A disease that can not be spread from person to person and is not caused by a pathogen

Question 4

What can defects in the immune system lead to?

Answer 4

That a person if more likely to suffer from infectious diseases

Question 5

What can viruses trigger?

Answer 5

Types of cancers

Question 6

How can allergies such as rashes and asthma be triggered?

Answer 6

By immune reaction initially caused by pathogens

Question 7

What other factors can contribute to help issue?

Answer 7

• poor unbalanced diet
• high levels of stress
• disadvantaged life situations (e.g. no access to medicine)

Question 8

How is epidemiological data often collected?

Answer 8

Through sampling as it saves time and money

Question 9

What is a pathogen?

Answer 9

• Microorganisms that cause communicable diseases in plants or animals
• Include bacteria, virus, protist, fungi

Question 10

How do bacteria make you ill?

Answer 10

By producing that damage cells

Question 11

How do viruses make you ill?

Answer 11

By reproducing inside cells and damaging them

Question 12

How can pathogens be spread?

Answer 12

Water, air or direct contact

Question 13

How can the spread of disease by reduced or prevented?

Answer 13

• Being hygienic
• Destroying vectors
• Isolating infected people
• Using vaccines

Question 14

What kind of pathogen are measles caused by?

Answer 14

Viruses

Question 15

Symptoms of measles?

Answer 15

-Fever
- Red skin rash

Question 16

How is measles prevented?

Answer 16

Most young children are vaccinated

Question 17

How series is measles?

Answer 17

It can be fatal in children

Question 18

How is measles spread?

Answer 18

Inhalation of droplets from sneezes and coughs

Question 19

What pathogen causes HIV?

Answer 19

Virus

Question 20

What are the symptoms of HIV?

Answer 20

Flu-like

Question 21

How is HIV controlled?

Answer 21

By antiretroviral drugs

Question 22

How is HIV spread?

Answer 22

• Exchange of bodily fluids
  - Sexual Contact
  - Sharing Needles

Question 23

What does the HIV disease do to the body?

Answer 23

• Attack the body’s immune cells
• AIDS occurs when the body’s immune system becomes so badly damaged it can no longer deal with other infection or cancers

Question 24

What is Tobacco Mosaic Viruses pathogen?

Answer 24

Virus

Question 25

Symptoms of Tobacco Mosaic Virus

Answer 25

- Mosaic discoloration on the leaves of plants - Affects the growth of the plant due to lack of photosynthesis

Question 26

What plants does Tobacco Mosaic Virus affect?

Answer 26

Tomato

Question 27

What pathogen causes Salmonella?

Answer 27

Bacteria

Question 28

How is Salmonella Spread?

Answer 28

Ingested bacteria in food or on food prepared in unhygienic conditions

Question 29

How is the spread of Salmonella controlled?

Answer 29

In the UK poultry are vaccinated

Question 30

What are the symptoms of Salmonella?

Answer 30

- Fever - Abdominal Cramps - Vomiting - Diarrhoea Caused by the toxins the bacteria secrete

Question 31

What pathogen causes Gonorrhoea?

Answer 31

A Bacteria

Question 32

Symptoms of Gonorrhoea?

Answer 32

- Thick yellow or green discharge from vagina or penis - Pain when urinating

Question 33

How is gonorrhoea spread?

Answer 33

- STD - Sexual Contact

Question 34

How is the spread of Gonorrhoea stopped?

Answer 34

- Controlled by barrier method of contraception - Treatment of antibiotics ALTHOUGH - Many resistant strains have appeared

Question 35

What pathogen causes Rose Black Spot?

Answer 35

Fungus

Question 36

Symptoms of Rose Black Spot

Answer 36

- Purple or black spot on leaves - Turn yellow and drop early - Effects growth as photosynthesis is reduced

Question 37

How is Rose Black Spot Spread?

Answer 37

- Wind - Water

Question 38

How can Rose Black spot be treated?

Answer 38

- Fungicides - Removing and destroying effected leaves

Question 39

What pathogen causes Malaria

Answer 39

Protisit

Question 40

What do the malaria protist use mosquitos for?

Answer 40

As a vector

Question 41

Symptoms of malaria?

Answer 41

- Recurrent episodes of fever - Can be fatal

Question 42

What can be done to stop the spread of Malaria

Answer 42

- Prevent the Mosquitos from breading - Using mosquito nets

Question 43

Name the non specific human defences and what they do

Answer 43

Skin - physical barrier (skin) Eyes - chemical barrier (tears) Nose - physical barrier (hairs and mucus) Trachea and Bronchi - physical (cilia and mucus) Stomach - Chemical (hydrochloric acid)

Question 44

What can white blood cells do to destroy pathogens?

Answer 44

- Phagocytosis - engulfing pathogens - Antibody production - attaching to specific markers (antigens) on pathogens - Antitoxin production - neutralising the toxins produced by bacteria

Question 45

How does bacteria divide?

Answer 45

By binary fission as often as 20 min

Question 46

What happens if a plant has a nitrate ion difficiancy

Answer 46

Stunted growth as nitrate ions are needed for protein synthesis

Question 48

What happens if a plant has a magnesium defficinacy

Answer 48

Chlorosis as magnesium ions are needed to make chlorophyll

Question 49

Common signs of plant disease?

Answer 49

Stunted growth Spots on leaves Patches of decay Abnormal growths Malformed stems/leaves Discolouration The presence of pests (aphids)

Question 50

Plant disease can be identified by

Answer 50

Reference to a gardening manual or website Taking infected plants to a laboratory to identify the pathogen Using testing kits that contain monoclonal antibodies.

Question 51

Plant physical defences

Answer 51

Cellulose cell walls. Tough waxy cuticle on leaves. Layers of dead cells around stems (bark on trees) which fall off.

Question 52

Plant chemical defences

Answer 52

Antibacterial chemicals. Poisons to deter herbivores.