B5 Health and Disease

Question 2

What is health

Answer 2

The state of physical and mental wellbeing

Question 3

Definition of a non-communicable disease

Answer 3

It is a medical condition or disease that cannot be spread from person to person (not caused by infectious agents)

Question 4

Definition of a communicable disease

Answer 4

Its an infectious disease which can be transmitted from person to person

Question 5

Name 4 risk factors

Answer 5

-age
-gender
-diet
-local environment

Question 6

How can gender affect a person’s health

Answer 6

Males have a risk of prostrate cancer and a higher risk of baldness
-Females have a risk of breast cancer

Question 7

How ethnic group have an affect on peoples health

Answer 7

Darker skinned people have a higher risk of rickets due to lack of exposure to sunlight

Question 8

state 3 factors that affect your health

Answer 8

diet- you need to have a good, balanced diet
- if not you may suffer from starvation,
anaemia or rickets

stress- being constantly under stress can lead to health issues

life situations, e.g finacial status, gender, how many children you have, part of the world

Question 10

What can viruses in living cells contribute to

Answer 10

human papilloma- Cervical cancer

Question 12

Name direct risk factors for non communicable diseases

Answer 12

type 2 diabetes-high blood pressure and smoking over 40years of age
coronary- high saturated fat intake, low excersise level

Question 13

What are communicable diseases caused by?

Answer 13

Pathogens (microorganisms) which include bacteria, viruses, fungi and protists.

Question 14

How do Bacteria and viruses make you feel ill

Answer 14

Produce toxins

Question 15

How do viruses make you ill?

Answer 15

Live and reproduce inside your cells, causing cell damage

Question 16

Name four ways in which the spread of disease can be prevented

Answer 16

-Simple Hygiene
-Destroying Vectors
-Vaccination
-Isolation

Question 17

explain the Measles Virus

Answer 17

-spread by Droplet infection
-Causes/symptoms fever and a rash
-NO CURE
-Isolation of parents and Vaccination prevents spread

Question 18

how is measles spread

Answer 18

inhiliation of droplets from coughs and sneezes and is very infectious

Question 19

explain the virus HIV

Answer 19

-initally causes a Flu-like illness
-Attacks body’s immune cells
-AIDS occurs when the system become so damaged it can’t deal with cancers or infections

Question 20

state how HIV is spread

Answer 20

-spread by sexual contact or exchange of body fluids
-or by a mother to child in breast milk

Question 21

how can the spread of HIV/AIDS be prevented

Answer 21

-using condoms
-not sharing needles
-screening blood used for transfusions

Question 22

state what the tobacco mosaic virus is

Answer 22

-Spread by contact and vectors
-Damages leaves, reduces photosynthesis. No treatment.
-NO TREATMENT
-Spreads prevented by field hygiene and pest control.

Question 23

State a fungal disease

Answer 23

Rose black spot
-Spread by wind and water.
-Damages leaves so they drop off, affecting photosynthesis.
Spreads prevented by removing affected leaves and chemical sprays.

Question 24

state a disease caused by a protist

Answer 24

Malaria
-caused by Parasitic Protists spread by female mosquitos.
-it damages blood and liver cells, causes fever and shaking. CAN BE FATAL
-can be prevented by stopping vectors from breeding, mosquito nets to stop people from being bitten

Question 25

state 2bacterial diseases

Answer 25

-salmonella
-gonorrhoea

Question 26

state what salmonella

Answer 26

-spread through undercooked food and poor hygiene
-symptoms include fever, abdominal cramps, diarrohea and vomiting
all caused from toxins the bacteria produces
-to control the spread most poultrys vaccinated against salmonella

Question 27

state what gonorrhoea is

Answer 27

-sexually transmitted disease
-symptoms: discharge from penis to vagina and the pain on urination
-treatment involves antibiotics
-use condoms or barriers of contraception

Question 28

state 4ways of reducing/preventing disease

Answer 28

-be hygienic
-destroy vectors
-isolate infected individuals
-vaccination

Question 29

How do white blood cells defend against pathogens?

Answer 29

-Ingest microorganisms and destroy them or by making antibodies and antitoxins.

Question 30

state how our body uses defense systems

Answer 30

skin-acts as a barrier to pathogens, also secretes antimicrobial substances which kill pathogens

nose-hair + mucus trap particles

trachea + bronchi- secrete mucus to trap pathogens

stomach-produces hydrochloric acid, killing pathogens