B5 Homeostasis and response

Question 1

What is homeostasis?

Answer 1

The ability for an organism to regulate internal conditions even if outside conditions change. For example, water levels and temperature.

Question 2

What makes up the Nervous System?

Answer 2

CNS and PNS.

Question 3

What is a receptor?

Answer 3

Something which reacts to a stimulus e.g. a hot stove.

Question 4

What is an effector?

Answer 4

Something that causes you to react to the stimulus e.g. moving your hand away.

Question 5

What is a reflex arc?

Answer 5

A signal which bypasses the brain and goes straight to the spinal cord - this is much quicker.

Question 6

What are glands?

Answer 6

Secrete chemicals.

Question 7

What are the different parts of the brain?

Answer 7

Cerebral cortex, cerebellum and medulla oblongata.

Question 8

What does the cerebral cortex do?

Answer 8

memory, speech and problem solving.

Question 9

What does the Cerebellum do?

Answer 9

motor skills: movement, balance and coordination.

Question 10

What does the Medulla Oblongata do?

Answer 10

unconscious actions: heart and breathing rate, signals to adrenal glands to release adrenaline.

Question 11

How can you see the activity in the brain?

Answer 11

MRI scans.

Question 12

what happens when we see an object from far away?

Answer 12

Ciliary muscles relax, Suspensory ligaments tighten and the lens is thin.

Question 13

What happens when we see something up close?

Answer 13

Ciliary muscles contract, suspensory ligaments slacken and there is a thick lens.

Question 14

What does the pupil do?

Answer 14

Pupil can change shape depending on the amount of light.

Question 15

What is Myopia?

Answer 15

Short-sightedness

Question 16

What is Hyperopia?

Answer 16

Long-sightedness.

Question 17

What is thermoregulation?

Answer 17

Body controlling its internal temperature.

Question 18

What happens when we are too hot?

Answer 18

Sweat glands produce water which evaporates, taking away heat. Blood vessels dilate: vasodilation.

Question 19

What happens when we are too cold?

Answer 19

Hairs stand on end to trap air (layer of insulation), shivering - muscles produce more heat, blood vessels contract - vasoconstriction.

Question 20

What is the Endocrine system?

Answer 20

A system of glands that secrete hormones to send signals to effectors, transported via blood.

Question 21

What is the Pituitary gland?

Answer 21

‘master’ gland. It sends signals to other glands.

Question 22

What is the Thyroid gland?

Answer 22

Controls growth, metabolism and more.

Question 23

What does the Pancreas do?

Answer 23

Secretes insulin (and glucagon) to control blood sugar.

Question 24

What does the Adrenal gland do?

Answer 24

Release adrenaline.

Question 25

What do the ovaries do?

Answer 25

release eggs and secrete hormones.

Question 26

What do the testes do/

Answer 26

produce sperm.

Question 27

What happens when there are high blood glucose levels?

Answer 27

- pancreas secretes insulin. - causes glucose to move from bloodstream into cells to be used for respiration. - excess glucose converted into glycogen as energy store.

Question 28

What happens if there is low blood glucose levels?

Answer 28

- pancreas secretes glucagon. - causes liver and muscles to convert glycogen back into glucose.

Question 29

What is type 1 diabetes?

Answer 29

- pancreas cannot produce enough insulin. - insulin injections needed.

Question 30

What is type 2 diabetes?

Answer 30

- cells do not absorb glucose as they should. - obesity increases risk.

Question 31

What hormone causes the storage carbohydrate to break down back into glucose?

Answer 31

Glucagon

Question 32

What carbohydrate can be stored?

Answer 32

Glycogen

Question 33

Other than injecting insulin, what is another way a diabetic person could help control their concentration of glucose in the blood?

Answer 33

Limit intake of simple carbohydrates.

Question 34

What is the function of testosterone?

Answer 34

Regulate sex drive, produce sperm and red blood cells.

Question 35

What is FSH?

Answer 35

Produced in pituitary gland, causes egg to mature in the ovaries, stimulates ovaries to release oestrogen

Question 36

What is Oestrogen?

Answer 36

Produced in ovaries, causes uterus lining to grow, stimulates release of LH.

Question 37

What is LH?

Answer 37

Produced in pituitary gland, stimulates release of an egg at day 14.

Question 38

What is Progesterone?

Answer 38

Produced in ovaries, maintains lining of uterus, inhibits release of LH and FSH

Question 39

What is the system for classifying humans?

Answer 39

Species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom

Question 40

Who created classification?

Answer 40

Carl Linnaeus

Question 41

What is involved in the Carbon cycle?

Answer 41

Death and decomposition, CO2 in atmosphere, photosynthesis, fossil fuels, combustion, cellular respiration.