B5 science test next week

Question 1

What are the two parts of the nervous system?

Answer 1

Central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 2

What does the CNS include?

Answer 2

Brain and spinal cord

Question 3

What is the function of sensory neurons?

Answer 3

Carry signals from receptors to the CNS

Question 4

What is the function of motor neurons?

Answer 4

Carry signals from the CNS to effectors (muscles/glands)

Question 5

What is a reflex action?

Answer 5

A fast, automatic response that doesn’t involve conscious thought

Question 6

Describe the full reflex arc pathway.

Answer 6

Stimulus → receptor → sensory neuron → relay neuron → motor neuron → effector → response

Question 7

What is the endocrine system made of?

Answer 7

Glands that secrete hormones into the blood

Question 8

How are hormones transported?

Answer 8

Through the bloodstream to target organs

Question 9

Hormonal responses are ______ and ______ than nervous responses.

Answer 9

Slower and longer-lasting

Question 10

What is a hormone?

Answer 10

A chemical messenger that affects target organs

Question 11

What hormone does the pituitary gland release?

Answer 11

Many — including growth hormone, FSH, LH (controls other glands)

Question 12

Why is the pituitary gland called the master gland?

Answer 12

It controls other endocrine glands by releasing hormones

Question 13

What does the thyroid gland release and what does it do?

Answer 13

Thyroxine – regulates metabolism, heart rate, and temperature

Question 14

What hormone is released by the adrenal glands?

Answer 14

Adrenaline – prepares body for fight or flight

Question 15

What is insulin and what does it do?

Answer 15

A hormone made by the pancreas that lowers blood glucose levels by moving glucose into cells

Question 16

Which gland controls the menstrual cycle in females?

Answer 16

Ovaries - release Oestrogen

Question 17

Which hormone controls puberty and sperm production in males?

Answer 17

Testosterone – released by the testes

Question 18

Give 2 differences between the nervous and hormonal systems.

Answer 18

Nervous = fast, electrical; Hormonal = slow, chemical (via blood)

Question 19

Which is faster: nervous or hormonal response?

Answer 19

Nervous

Question 20

What is Hypothalamus?

Answer 20

Detects body temperature and triggers responses to keep it steady (like sweating or shivering).

Question 21

Motor vs sensory neurons?

Answer 21

Motor: CNS to muscles/glands. Sensory: sense organs to CNS.

Question 22

What is the low glucose response?

Answer 22

Pancreas releases glucagon, liver turns glycogen into glucose.

Question 23

what does thyroxine do and where is it released from?

Answer 23

Controls metabolic rate, made by thyroid.

Question 24

Hormonal vs Nervous System?

Answer 24

Hormonal vs Nervous – Hormonal: slow, long-lasting. Nervous: fast, short-term.

Question 25

What is vasodilation and when does it happen?

Answer 25

Vasodilation is when blood vessels widen to release heat. It happens when the body is too hot.

Question 26

What is vasoconstriction and when does it happen?

Answer 26

Vasoconstriction is when blood vessels narrow to keep heat in. It happens when the body is too cold.

Question 27

What’s the difference between positive and negative feedback?

Answer 27

Negative feedback reverses a change to restore balance (like with blood sugar). Positive feedback increases the change —

Question 28

What does the liver do with glucose?

Answer 28

The liver stores excess glucose as glycogen when insulin is released.

Question 29

What does insulin do?

Answer 29

It causes cells to absorb glucose from the blood and store it as glycogen in the liver.

Question 30

How can you improve the validity of an experiment measuring heart rate after exercise?

Answer 30

Control variables like duration and intensity of exercise; repeat the test and calculate an average.

Question 31

How does negative feedback help regulate blood glucose levels in the body?

Answer 31

When blood glucose is too high, the pancreas releases insulin. Insulin causes glucose to move from the blood into body cells. When glucose is too low, the pancreas releases glucagon. Glucagon causes stored glucose to be released back into the blood. This keeps blood glucose levels stable (homeostasis).