B6

Question 1

where in the body does meiosis take place?

Answer 1

testes or ovaries

Question 2

what happens to the dna at the very start of meiosis, before the cells start to divide?

Answer 2

they duplicate

Question 3

how many cell divisions are there during the process of meiosis

Answer 3

2

Question 4

how many copies of each chromosome does the resulting cell have?

Answer 4

2

Question 5

what type of cell division do sperm and egg cells undergo?

Answer 5

mitosis

Question 6

where is dna located?

Answer 6

in the nucleus of animal and plant cells

Question 7

what are chromosomes

Answer 7

the structures than contain DNA

Question 8

what is the male gamete in animals

Answer 8

sperm

Question 9

female gamete in animals

Answer 9

egg

Question 10

what type of cell division is involved in the production of gametes?

Answer 10

meiosis

Question 11

name the type of cell division used in asexual reproduction

Answer 11

mitosis

Question 12

what name is given to the cells resulting from asexual reproduction

Answer 12

clones

Question 13

how are oral contraceptives taken?

Answer 13

as a tablet

Question 14

how do oral contraceptives containing multiple hormones prevent pregnancy

Answer 14

the hormones inhibit fsh production

Question 15

what hormone is released from the contraceptive implant?

Answer 15

progesterone

Question 16

name a berries method of contraception that can be used by women

Answer 16

diaphragm

Question 17

name the hormone that stimulates the release of an egg

Answer 17

progesterone

Question 18

name the hormone that stimulates sperm production

Answer 18

testosterone

Question 19

which two hormones are involved in maintaining the uterus lining

Answer 19

oestrogen and progesterone

Question 20

what glad secretes follicle stimulating hormone (fsh)

Answer 20

pituitary gland

Question 21

why does a low level of fsh prevent a woman from being fertile

Answer 21

the egg won’t mature properly or be released properly

Question 22

which hormone other than fsh will a fertility drug contain, give a reason

Answer 22

luteirising hormone, stimulates release of egg

Question 23

two disadvantages of IVF treatment

Answer 23

-isnt always successful which is upsetting to the family
-often leads to multiple births which is risky for the mother

Question 24

what is homeostasis?

Answer 24

the regulation of conditions inside the body to maintain a stable environment responding to both internal and external conditions

Question 25

why are control systems important for the body?

Answer 25

they recognise a change from optimal conditions for cells to function properly

Question 26

which component of a homeostasis control system senses blood pressure?

Answer 26

receptor

Question 27

what is the function of the nervous system

Answer 27

to enact quick reactions via neurones to help save you in dangerous situations

Question 29

what does DNA stand for?

Answer 29

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 30

how many strands is the helix in dna made up of?

Answer 30

2

Question 31

how many chromosomes are there in a typical human cell

Answer 31

46

Question 32

what is the 23rd pair of chromosomes

Answer 32

sex chromosomes

Question 33

do women have xx or xy chromosomes

Answer 33

xx

Question 34

what is a small section of DNA that codes for a specific protein

Answer 34

gene

Question 35

what does genome mean?

Answer 35

the entire set of genetic material in an organism

Question 36

where are the chromosomes found in a cell?

Answer 36

the nucleus

Question 37

what are the different versions of a particular gene called

Answer 37

alleles

Question 38

what does homozygous mean

Answer 38

both alleles are the same

Question 39

if someone is heterozygous with one dominant allele and one recessive allele, which allele will be expressed

Answer 39

the dominant allele

Question 40

in order to be expressed how many recessive alleles must be present?

Answer 40

2

Question 41

what is a phenotype?

Answer 41

the characteristics an organism has as a result of their genotype

Question 42

which process is used to create gametes

Answer 42

meiosis

Question 43

what do we call the fusion of male and female gametes

Answer 43

fertilisation

Question 44

during sexual reproduction in plants, which two gametes fuse together?

Answer 44

pollen and egg

Question 45

how many parents are involved in asexual reproduction

Answer 45

1

Question 46

when fungi and plants reproduce asexually, which process do they use?

Answer 46

mitosis

Question 47

do bacteria reproduce via sexual or asexual reproduction

Answer 47

asexual

Question 48

when bacteria reproduce asexually, what process do they use?

Answer 48

binary fission

Question 49

is cystic fibrosis a dominant or recessive condition

Answer 49

recessive

Question 50

if cystic fibrosis is a recessive condition, which genotype would result in an individual having cystic fibrosis?

Answer 50

homozygous recessive

Question 51

what is polydactyly?

Answer 51

a condition in which an individual can be done with extra fingers or toes

Question 52

is polydactyly cashed by a dominant or recessive allele?

Answer 52

dominant

Question 53

which part of a human body cell is affected by cystic fibrosis

Answer 53

cell membrane

Question 54

what does the term phenotype mean?

Answer 54

the observable characteristics of an organism

Question 55

which two factors contribute to the variation between organisms?

Answer 55

-inherited genes -environment that they are exposed to

Question 56

what is a change in the DNA code called?

Answer 56

mutation

Question 57

what factors are involved in determining body mass?

Answer 57

genetic factors and environmental factors

Question 58

what is proof for the theory of evolution?

Answer 58

-fossil records -spread of antibiotic resistance

Question 59

what has been genetically engineered to produce human insulin?

Answer 59

bacteria

Question 60

what is gene therapy?

Answer 60

the treatment of an inherited disorder by giving the patient a healthy copy of the faulty gene

Question 61

what disorder could be treated with gene therapy?

Answer 61

cystic fibrosis

Question 62

what part of DNA are genetically modified in bacteria?

Answer 62

plasmids

Question 63

why have sheep been genetically engineered

Answer 63

to produce drugs in their milk

Question 64

how does understanding genes contribute to the treatment of inherited disorders?

Answer 64

by tailoring treatments based on an individuals unique genetic makeup

Question 65

what is the potential drawback associated with genetic screening?

Answer 65

possible discrimination based on genetic information

Question 66

what is an explant?

Answer 66

a small piece of plant that can develop into a clone

Question 67

two benefits of cloning via cuttings rather than micropropagation

Answer 67

-cutting is quicker -cutting is cheaper

Question 68

how are tissue samples removed and transferred to an agar medium

Answer 68

-transfer with tweezers -cut the planet with a scalpel

Question 69

give two nutrients that should be added to the agar medium and explain how it helps with plant growth

Answer 69

-glucose for energy and respiration -nitrates for amino acids -magnesium for chlorophyll

Question 71

_____ are the remains of organisms from millions of years ago, which are found in rocks.

Answer 71

Fossils

Question 72

Why are fossils used as evidence for evolution?

Answer 72

Fossils show us how species have changed over millions of years.

Question 73

Suggest 3 ways a species could become extinct:

Answer 73

-A catastrophic event -Spread of a new disease -Introduction of a new competitor or predator