B6 Flashcards
(19 cards)
What makes up vaccines?
Inactive antigens
What is it called when a large proportion of the population is immune to a pathogen?
Herd immunity
Painkillers destroy the pathogens in our body. True or false?
False
Which pathogen does antibiotics destroy?
Bacteria
Why can’t antibiotics kill viruses?
Viruses reproduce inside cells, antibiotics cannot enter cells without damaging the cell
How might an antibiotic be useless against a bacteria?
Bacteria may be resistant
Which plant did the heart drug digitalis originate from?
Foxglove
Which drug originated from willow?
Aspirin
Name the microorganism that produces penicillin.
Penicillium
New drugs are tested extensively for three factors. Name the three factors.
Toxicity, efficacy, dose
What living materials are used in preclinical testing?
Cells, tissues, live animals
Define ‘placebo’.
A medicine that does not contain the active drug being tested
What is a double-blind trial?
Neither the doctors nor the patients know who gets the real drug/placebo
How does vaccination make a person become immune to a disease?
Inactive antigens in vaccine cause white blood cells to make antibodies and memory cells
What is the function of memory cells?
Recognise same pathogen when it invades to produce large number of antibodies in short time
What is the difference between preclinical testing and clinical trials?
PT: Use cells, tissues, animals; CT: Use healthy volunteers and patients
What is meant by toxicity?
Whether the drug is poisonous or has unacceptable side effects for patients
What is meant by efficacy?
Whether the drug works in preventing or curing the disease
What is meant by dose?
The amount of the drug that needs to be given to be effective whilst not causing harm
