B6.1 - Diet Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in B6.1 - Diet Deck (27)
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1
Q

What is a balanced diet

A

a diet where all the nutritional requirements of the body are met.

2
Q

Food provides

A

chemical energy for respiration and substances needed for cell growth and repair

3
Q

What does a balanced diet consist of

A

Proteins, carbohydrates, fats, fibers, water, minerals and vitamins

4
Q

Why are proteins necessary

A

Also needed for building and repairing tissue like muscles and skin

they are broken down to create amino acids which are used to form other proteins needed by cells i.e enzymes.

5
Q

Why are carbohydrates necessary

A

they are broken down to simple sugars to be used in respiration which release energy in our cells to enable life processes to take place.

It is also source of energy

6
Q

Why are fats necessary

A

Fats help maintain body temperature and are used for insulation

It is also a store of energy to supply molecules for respiration.

Also used for making cell membranes

7
Q

Why are fibers necessary

A

To prevent constipation and keep food moving through the digestive system

8
Q

Why are vitamins and minerals necessary

A

Vitamins and minerals are necessary for bodily functions

9
Q

Why is water necessary

A

It is needed for chemical reactions to take place in cells

Temperature regulation

Removal of waste products

10
Q

What are the 4 essential vitamins and minerals

A

Calcium
Iron
Vitamin C
Vitamin D

11
Q

What is the importance of calcium

A

Involved in the clotting of blood

Needed for growing and strengthening teeth and bones

12
Q

What is the importance of iron

A

Needed to make hemoglobin in red blood cells

13
Q

What is the importance of vitamin C

A

Needed to make collagen (an important protein in blood vessels and skin) and for repairing bone and teeth

Keeps the lining of the blood vessels healthy

14
Q

What is the importance of vitamin D

A

For strong bones and teeth

15
Q

Describe and Explain the different dietary needs for difference in activity

A

Activity - People who exercise more need more calories to give them energy for movement
More protein is needed by people who exercise to help muscle development

16
Q

Describe and Explain the different dietary needs for difference in gender

A

Gender - Men need more calories than woman as they have more muscle mass

Menstruating women need more iron as they are losing blood

Pregnant woman need more daily calories, protein, iron and calcium for the growth of da baby

Breast feeding women need more fats, calcium and water to produce milk

17
Q

Describe and Explain the different dietary needs for difference in age

A

Elderly people need less energy and calories because they have smaller muscle mass and metabolic rate

Children and teenagers need more calories and protein as they are growing

18
Q

What is malnutrition

A

it is a type of disease where a person’s dietary needs are not met

19
Q

How is constipation caused

A

it is caused by a diet lacking in water and/or fibers

20
Q

What is obesity and how is it caused

A

Obesity is having excessive fat stores in the body

It is caused by eating too many foods in saturated fats and cholestrol

21
Q

What is starvation and how is it caused

A

Starvation is when not enough food is eaten and the body’s energy requirements aren’t met

22
Q

What is marasmus and how is it caused

A

it is when cells don’t receive enough energy from respiration and can cause shrinking of the stomach, diarrhea and death

It is caused when a child has a diet low in all energy containing foods

23
Q

How do you get coronary heart disease and what is the effect

A

by eating too much fat

It can cause fatty blockages to block the arteries around the heart and prevent oxygen from getting into the heart

24
Q

What is the cause and effect of anaemia

A

anaemia is caused by lack of iron in diet or blood loss

The body cannot make enough hemoglobin in red blood cells leading to tiredness, shortness of breathe and pale skin

25
Q

What is the cause and effect of rickets

A

Caused by vitamin D deficiency

Bones can be malformed and can cause pain

26
Q

What is the cause and effect of scurvy

A

Caused by vitamin C deficiency

Body cannot make enough collagen leading to swelling of gums, tiredness and muscle pain

27
Q

What is the cause and effect of kwashiorkor

A

Caused by severe protein deficiency

Body cannot repair and grow tissues and the immune system gets weak causing stunted growth and a swollen belly